HARVARD UNIVERSITY
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MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY
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YlB_ [BOLSO[00Z 9Yy Ul AjatoUI :voLyy UL poydeasoqjoyd 4 SLINVHdaTH NVOIYVAV ONNOA AO UlVd V
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
NEW YORK AVOHOCTO AL SOCLET Y
CHARTERED (UN) 1895
OBJECTS OF THE SOCIETY
A PUBLIC ZOOLOGICAL PARK THE PRESERVATION OF OUR NATIVE ANIMALS THE PROMOTION OF ZOOLOGY
1s a a
NEW YORK
OFFICE OF THE SOCIETY, 11 WALL STREET JANUARY, 1913
15,760 7 An 30 1940
Lisrak*
COPYRIGHT, 1913, BY
THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
NOTICE
Authors are individually responsible for the composi- tion and proof-reading of their respective contributions.
Clark & #ritts PRINTERS 209 WEST 38TH STREET NEW YORK
CONTENTS
BOARD OF MANAGERS OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY : OFFICERS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL ean AND ACOnnTtnt MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE Senna : RESOLUTION REGARDING Mr. HUGH J. Caren: TREASURER’S REPORTS Income Account Maintenance Fund Ground Improvement Fund Animal Fund Caroline Phelps Stokes’ Bird raha Heads and Horns Library Fund Aquarium Fund Endowment Fund Endowment Fund Income caine AUDIT COMPANY’S REPORT AUDITING COMMITTEE’S REPORT : REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE Apia Rane : REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE AQUARIUM . DISTRIBUTION AND HABITS OF THE PYGMY eoror ine Major Hans Schomburgk THE VERTEBRATES OF THE NEW YORK AQUARIUM Raymond C. Osburn LIST OF GIFTS Zoological Park Heads and Horns Aquarium CHARTER OF THE Howie Seerntint ‘ THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE AQUARIUM By-LAWS INDEX
103 113
121
135 143 144 149 150 152 159
' ’ - 1 i I 7 i 1 fj é . ' Te 1 7 4 ¢ ‘ é F) t , (c = f - oy uh - ‘ ‘ = V4 \ ra ‘ « ‘ + i + , * ‘ — i o a Ba : 7 ‘ | - = - > 7 ’ y i 4
ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
A PAIR OF YOUNG AFRICAN ELEPHANTS : . Frontispiece
EAGLE AND VULTURE AVIARY
WATERFOWL AT REST, IN WINTER
BIG-HORN MOUNTAIN SHEEP
BOAT-BILLED HERON
ARRIVAL OF AN ANACONDA
RUNNER, OR CREVALLE
GRAYSBY, OR CONY
HEAD OF ADULT MALE PyGMy HIPPOPOTAMUS MALE PYyGMy HIPPOPOTAMUS
PAIR OF YOUNG PYGMY HIPPOPOTAMI
MAP OF DISTRIBUTION OF THE PyGMy HIPPOPOTAMUS
d4
63
64
Ls
84
. 104
. 104
> LIZ
. 118
Blakes)
7 lle
Board of Managers
The Mayor of the City of New York.
Eax-of fico: 7). DeagmeNT Dep’t of Parks, City of New York. GLASS: OF 19 1/4 HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, JAMES J. HILL, WILLIAM C. CHURCH, GEORGE F. BAKER, LISPENARD STEWART, GRANT B. SCHLEY, H. CASIMIR DE RHAM, WM. PIERSON HAMILTON, HuGH D. AUCHINCLOSS, ROBERT S. BREWSTER, CHARLES F. DIETERICH, EDWARD S. HARKNESS. CLASS OF 1915 LEvI P. MorTON, HENRY A. C. TAYLOR, ANDREW CARNEGIE, ARCHER M. HUNTINGTON, JOHN L. CADWALADER, FRANK K. STURGIS, MADISON GRANT, GEORGE J. GOULD, WILLIAM WHITE NILES, OGDEN MILLS, SAMUEL THORNE, LEWIS RUTHERFURD Morris.
CLASS OF 1916
F. AuGUSTUS SCHERMERHORN, [FREDERICK GILBERT BOURNE,
PERCY KR: PYNE, W. AUSTIN WADSWORTH, GEORGE B. GRINNELL, EMERSON McMILLIN, GEORGE C. CLARK, ANTHONY R. KUSER, CLEVELAND H. DODGE, WATSON B. DICKERMAN,
C. LEDYARD BLAIR, MortTIMER L. SCHIFF.
a , 1 1 a y a i . ¥ 7 1
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OFFICERS OF THE
New York Zonlogical Sorivty
President: HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN.
First Vice-President: Second Vice-President: SAMUEL THORNE. JOHN L. CADWALADER. Secretary: Treasurer: MADISON GRANT, PERcY R. PYNE, 11 Wall Street. 30 Pine Street.
Exeritive Committee MADISON GRANT, Chairman.
IRBERCY Ra bY NE, LEVI. P. MORTON, SAMUEL THORNE, WM. PIERSON HAMILTON, WILLIAM WHITE NILES, FRANK K. STURGIS,
LISPENARD STEWART,
HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, ex-officio.
Auditing Committee
HuGH D. AUCHINCLOSS, Chairman. WILLIAM WHITE NILES. C. LEDYARD BLAIR.
Director of the Zoological Park: WILLIAM T. HORNADAY.
Director of the Aquarium: CHARLES H. TOWNSEND.
Architects: LA FARGE & MoRrRRIS.
Consulting Engineer: H. DE B. PARSONS.
Officers of the Zoological Park
‘WILLIAM T. HORNADAY,
Director and General Curator.
H. R. MITCHELL, W. REID BLAIR, D.V.S., RAYMOND L. DITMARS, H. W. MERKEL,
C. WILLIAM BEEBE, ELWIN R. SANBORN, LEE S. CRANDALL, GEORGE M. BEERBOWER.
Officers of the Aquarimn CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Director. RAYMOND C. OSBURN ROBERT SUTCLIFFE
W. I. DE NYSE
Ayquariiun Committee
CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Chairman.
CHARLES L. BRISTOL, EDMUND B. WILSON, BASHFORD DEAN, ROSWELL MORSE SHURTLEFF, ALFRED G. MAYER, CLEVELAND H. DODGE,
THOMAS H. MORGAN,, CHARLES B. DAVENPORT.
MEMBERS
OF THE
New York Zonloygical Society
January lst, Lois:
Gnunrary Members
*“Pror. ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, *Sirk Witiiam ILower,
Pror. J. A. ALLEN, “Ry be la ELOEST;
Tue Duke or BeEprorp, Sir Epatunp G. Loprr,
Herr F. E. Biaauw, Dr. C. Harr Merriam,
*Mr. ArrHur Erwin Brown, Hon. Lionet Watrrer RorHscHiLp,
Mr. Franx M. CuHarman, Dr. Puinie Luritey SCLATER,
Pror. Danret Grraup Eniort, Mr. FrepertcK CouRTENEY SELOUS, Brurtacturs
Baxer, Georce F. MorcGan, J. P.
Dopce, CLevELAND H., RocKkEFELLER, WILLIAM,
Kkuser, Cor. AntHony R., Scutrr, Jacos H.,
THORNE, SAMUEL,
Founders in Porpetuity
*BaRNEY, CuHarwes 'T., Miuts, OGpEN,
Bourne, Frepericx G., Morton, Hon. Levi P., CADWALADER, JoHN L., Pyne, Percy R.,
CARNEGIE, ANDREW, Rosprnson, NELson,
Dierertcu, Crarwes F., RocKEFELLER, JOHN D.,
GouLp, GrorGE J., Srewart, LisPENARD,
Harkness, Epwarp S., Taytor, Henry A. C.,
Hirt, James J., Tuompson, Mrs. Freperick F.,, Macxay, CrLarREeNCE H., *TrorNE, Miss PuHorse ANNA,
*Wuitney, Hon. WILtram C.,
Founders ARCHBOLD, JOHN D., Perkins, Greorce W., AVERY, SAMUEL P., RaIneEy, Pau J. *BARNES, JOHN S., ScHERMERHORN, F. Avcustus, BEerwinpb, Epwarp J., Scuirr, Mortimer L., Brewster, Rosert S., Scutey, Grant B., *CHIsHoLM, Huen J. Sueparpd, Mrs. Heten Govutp, Crark, GrorGe CRAWForRD, Stoane, Wittiam D., =Dover, Witiiam E., *“Sroxes, Miss Caronine PHELPs, *GorELET, RoBeErt, Srurcis, Franx K. *Huntineton, C. P., Trevor, Miss Emitry, MecMitiin, Emerson, ‘Trevor, Mrs. Joun B., *OTTENDORFER, OSWALp, *V ANDERBILT, CORNELIUS, Payne, Con. Ortver H., VANDERBILT, WILLIAM K.,
Woop, Mrs. Anrornetre Eno,
* Deceased.
14 NEW
YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Assuriate Founders
*Baspcock, Samuet D., Brair, C. Lepyarp, *CaRTER, JAMES C., “Crocker, GeEorGE, pERHam, H. Casrmir, “Jesup, Morris K.,
Osporn, Pror. Henry Farrrie cp,
RHINELANDER, Miss SERENA, *ScHuy Ler, PHILIP, ScHuyter, Mrs. PuHitip, Sturecis, Mrs. Franx K., Tirrany & Company,
VANDERBILT, CORNELIUS,
* ARNOLD, Hicks, AUCHINCLOoss, Mrs. Hucu D., Barney, James W.,
*Buiss, Cornetius N.,
*Buriss, Grorce T.,
Bronson, Encar Brecuer,
Crark, Mrs. Grorce Crawrorp,
*CONSTABLE, FREDERICK A., *Cook, Henry H.,
Enret, GrorGe,
*FLower, Roswe.. P., Forp, J. Howarp,
Forp, James B.,
Goutp, Jr., Epwin, HarkKNEss, CuHarites W., Harrison, Jr., Georce L.., *Havemeyer, Henry O., Havemeyer, Witiiam F., Hawkes, Mrs. McDoveatt, *Hewirt, Asram S., *Horrman, Very Rev. E. A, Hornapay, Wiiiiam T., House, Epvwarp J., *IsELINn, ADRIAN,
*James, D. WIx1.Is, James, Norman,
JAMES, Dr. Watter B., JENNINGS, Miss A. B., *Lewis, Mrs. GrorGe, Mayer, Dr. Atrrep G.,
Apams, Enpwarp Dean, AGNEW, CorneEtius R., AGNEW, Georce B., AKELEY, Cart E., ANDREWS, Constant A., ANDREWS, J. SHERLOCK, ArMour, ALLISON V., Auvucuincioss, Hucr D., *BaLLANTINE, Roserr F., Barsour, Tuomas, Barpour, WititaM,
Watrons
*Worrr, A.,
*Mornris, A. Newsorp, *Morris, Mrs. A. Nrewsoxp, Morris, N&Ewsorp,
Osporn, WittiAm CrHurcH, *Oszorn, Mrs. Witiiam H., Poor, Henry W.,
*Pyne, Mrs. Percy R., Ryan, Tuomas F.,
SacE, Mrs. Russert, *“SCHERMERHORN, WILLIAM C., SELIGMAN, Isaac Newron, *SENFF, CuHaries H., Simpson, Miss JEAN WALKER, *STICKNEY, JOSEPH, SricknrEy, Mrs. Josern, Taytor, Jr., JAMeEs B., THORNE, Epwin,
TirorneE, Francis B., THorneE, Henry S., THORNE, JOEL W.,
THorRNE, Lanpon K., Trorne, S. BrincKERHOFF, THorRNE, Jr., SAMUEL, THorne, Vicror C.,
*T HORNE, WILLIAM, Tsaper, Mrs. Marcarer T., *“Twomsiy, H. McK., Von Post, Herman C., *Wess, Witiiam H.,
Wuitney, Harry,
Lite Members
Baruyptr, Mrs. P. Hacktey, *Barnes, Miss Cora F., BEEBE, C. WILLIAM, Brett, Mrs. C. M.,
Bett, Gorpon KwNox, Be_tmont, Avcust, Berrs. Samuret Rossiter. Birp, Cartes SuMNER, Bisuor, Hreper Recrnarp, *BLacKForD, EHuGENE G., Briarr, Dr. W. Rem,
* Deceased.
SEVENTEENTH
Buss, Mrs. Roserr W., Boxipr, Grorce C.,
*Bonp, Frank S.,
Bootu, Witiiam H., Boury, Louis J.,
Bownoin, GeorGE S., Braptey, J. R., BrinsMApe, CHartes Lyman, Brown, Greorce McKeEssen, *Bruce, Miss Marirpa W., Burven, 2np, Henry, Burrace, Carr. Guy H., BusHNELL, JOSEPH, Burier, Witittam Mitt, CaMMANN, GeEorGE P.,, Camp, Hucu N., CauLpWELL, Dr. Cuartes MILBANK, CHANLER, WINTHROP, Cuapin, Cuartes M., CHAPIN, CHESTER W., CuisHorM, Jr., Hueu J., *Cuurcu, E. Dwicnut, CuurcH, Mrs. Neti E., Cuurcnu, Wittarp, CuurcH, Wittiam CoNAnrt, Criark, F. Amprose, Criarkson, BANnyYER,
Cor, Wir11am R.,
CoFFIN, CHartLes A., CoteatTE, WILLIAM, Corzier, Roserr J., Cottorp, Grorce W., *Cottorp, Mrs. Grorce W., ConstaBLE, Mrs. FrepertcKk A., *ConyNncHam, Wituiam L.., CoownCaLk,
Coorrr, Mrs. Cruartes W., CorRNING, JOHN J.,,
*Coxe, Davies,
Crane, Z. MarstHatt., CraNeE, ZENAS,
Crimmins, Joun D., *Cuverr, C. C:,
*Davis, E. W.,
Davis, Joun W. A., pDECopreT, Eywarp J., DEERING, CHARLEs, Devarietp, ALBERT, DERHAM, CHARLEs, *peERuwAM, CHARLES Dickerman, Watson B., Dickey, Cuartes D., Dimocx, Mrs Henry F., Dissron, Jr., Henry. Dirmars, R. L.,
*Doner, Grorce EGLestron, Donce, Marcertitus Hartiery, Dortcer, Caries P.,
ANNUAL REPORT iS
*Doe cer, PETER, DcrEtcer, Jr., PETER, Drarver, Mrs. Henry, Dresser, Oscar,
DuBois, Miss Ernet, DuBois, Miss KatrHerine, DuBois, Wittiam A., Ducmore, A. RapcryFrre, Dunuam, Epwarp K., DunscomsBe, GerorcGe ELiswortH, Dwyer, Tomas,
Epear, NEwso rp,
E.tior, SAMUEL,
Eiiuis, W. Drxon,
Ery, Amprose K.,
Eno, Amos F., Farrcuitp, Hon. Cuartes S., Freartnc, Georce R., Fercuson, Mrs. Faraquuar, Frercuson, Miss May, Frieitp, CorrtLanpr DEPEYSTER, Fisoer, Mrs. Henry J., FLerrmMann,, Witi1Am Mepticort, Fuunt, Cuartes R., Forp, Henry,
Frencu, S. Barron, Gerry, Exvprince T., Goopwin, JAmeEs J., Goutp, Grorce H., Grant, Maptson, GRINNELL, GreorGe Brrp, GuGcENHEIM, S. R., GuntHer, Bernarp G., GuNTHER, FRANKLIN L., Goururiz, Wm. D., HAGENBECK, CARL, Hamitton, Wm. Pterson, Harpinec, J. Horace, Harxness, Mrs. S. V., Harrau, CHanres J., Harris, Aran C.,
Hart, Franx,
Haupt, Dr. Lovuts, *Haven, Georce G., Hrarn, Georce A., *HeNDERSON, Cuartes R., *HiccInson, JAMEs J., His, Euer,
Hor, Ricuarp M.,
Hor, Mrs. Ricuarp M., Horxins, Georce B., Huszsarp, Tromas H., Huntineton, ArcHer M., Hype, James H., Jackson, THeopore F., JENNINGS, OLiver G., Jesup, Mrs. Morris K., Jones, Mrs. Enwarp H.,
* Deceased.
16 NEW YORK
JuILLIARD, Mrs. A. D., KANE, GRENVILLE,
Kane, JoHN INNES, Kine, Grorce Gorpon, *KINGSLAND, WiLtiam M., “KisseLi, Gusrav E., Kunnarpt, W. B.,
LaF arce, C. Grant, Lancpon, Woopsury G., LANIER, CHARLES,
Lee, Cuartes Norra, LrEeps, Mrs. Warner M., LEHMAN, S. M., *LounsBERY, Bren-Aui H., *LounssBery, Ricuarp P., Low, C. Apotpne,
Low, Sern,
Lypic, Davin,
Lypic, Carr. Puirie M., McApinxn, CuHarztes WILLISTON, McComes, J. Scorr, McKeever, I. C., “McKim, CuHartss F., McLane, Guy Ricwarps, MeMir1u1n, Marion, Mackay, Donatp,
Macy, V. Evenrir, Mapbeira, Percy C., *MAITLAND, ALEXANDER, Mattory, Cuarires H., Marc, THeroruintus M., Marxor, Dr. Francis H., Marsuatuz, Louis, Merxet, Hermann W., Mitrer, Dr. Grorce N., Mitton, Mrs. Wm. F., MitcHett, A. M. Post, MitcHett, H. R., MircHeEtt, Mason, *“Mircuett, Rorannp G., Monet, AMBROSE, Moore, Freperic P., Moore, Mrs. James Amory, Moran, Danie E., Morean, Jr., J. P., Morean, Jr., Mrs. J. P., *Morris, JAMES,
Nesgirr, A. G.,
Newsoip, THomas, NEWLAND, V. M.,
Nicuotrs, Mrs. Wittiam GIL~mMan,
Nites, J. Barron,
Nizes, Wittiam Wuire, Norton, Joun W.,
Osporn, Mrs. Wittiam Crourcn, Parisu, Henry,
Parrisu, JAMES C.,
Peasopy, CuHartrs A.,
ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Prrkins, Wittiam H., Puetrs, Mrs. M. vonR., PrHitiirs, Dr. JoHNn C., Puitirps, JoHN M., Puiprs, Henry, PHoENTIX, Lioyn, Proernrx, Puiuipes, PIERREPONT, JOHN Jay, *PincHor, J. W., *Porter, Mrs. Henry C., Porter, WItLson, Pratr, Datuas B., Procror, A. Purmister, Puirzer, Raupeu, Pyne, M. Taytor, *“QuINTARD, GEorGE W., Raymonpb, Cuarves H., Riker, JR., SAMUEL, *Ross, J. HAMPDEN, *Rossins, Mirron, Roprnson, ARTHUR, Rocrrs, ARCHIBALD, Runeivus, Cart, *Russ, Epwarp, RutuHerrurp, WINTHROP
3 3 Sr. Joun, Franx L., SauLtus, J. SANFORD, Sampson, Henry, *Sanps, WiLi1aAmM. R., Sanrorp, Henry, SANFoRD, SAMUEL S., *SCHERMERHORN, J. EGMonrt, *SCHIEFFELIN, EUGENE, SCHIEFFELIN, SCHUYLER, Seton, Ernest THonprson, SHELDON, CHARLES, SHERMAN, GEORGE, SHERMAN, WirtiAm Warts, Suretps, Georce O., Stoan, Benson B., *SLOAN, JOHN, *SLoaAN, SAMUEL, Stoan, SAMUEL, SVvEYER, JAMES, Saurer, Stuart C., Strerson, Francis Lynpbe, Strokes, Miss Onrivta E. PHELps, SrraicuHtT, Mrs. Witriarn, Srurces, Frederick, Tariron, Lesiir JEFFERIS, THALMAN, Ernst, THompson, Lewis S., THomeson, WituiAMm P., Titrorp, Franx, Trtrorp, Henry M., Top, Roserr E., Topp, Witiiam R., TowNsEeND, CuHartes H.,
* Deceased.
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT
‘Trevor, Henry G,,
Trevor, Joun B.,
Tritton, CLraupe H.,
Tuck, Epwarp,
UntmMann, Frepbericx, Varnum, Mrs. James M., WapswortH, Masor W. Austin, Wanpswortn, Mrs. W. A., Watnwricut, Ricuarp T., Waker, Dr. Henry I’reeman, Warsurc, Fevix M., *WARREN, SAMUEL D., *Watson, Francis A.,
Watson, JAMEs S.,
Wess, Dr. W. Sewarp, Wetcuer, Mrs. Fanny Avery, Wermore, Cuartes W.,, Wermore, Grorce Prapopy, WHEALTON, Louis N., WHITEHEAD, Pavt, WHITNEY, Caspar, Wuitney, Harry Payne, Wuitney, Payne, Witrerrs, Howanrp,
*Winec, Jonn D.,, WoerisHorrer, Mrs. Anna,
Woop, Miss EKLeanor Denniston,
Sustaining Members
ARCHBOLD, JoHN D.,, AvucHINCLoss, Huen D., Avery, SAMUEL P., Baxer, Georce F., Barbour, WILLIAM, Baruypt, Mrs. P. Hacxtey, Barnes, JR., J. SANFORD, Brarr, C. Lepyarp, Biopcerr, Witiiam T., Bowporn, G. S.,
Powporn, TEMPLE,
Burr, Wintriropr, CapWatabER, Joun L., CaNnFIELD, Ricuarp A.,, Carneciz, ANDREW, *CHisHonm, Hucm J., CriarK, GeorGeE C.,
pE Miryau, Louis J., Dick, J. Henry, Dierericu, C. F.,
DonGe, CLeveLtann H., DunuaMm, Epwarp K., EKumet, C. Trempte, Fietp, Mrs. Wau. B. Oscoon, Iorp, James B.,
Fraser, Miss S. Grace, GeovripGre, Mrs F. G., Goopwin, JAMEs J., Grant, Mapison, Hamitton, Wm. Pierson, Eiankness, E. S., Harkness, Mrs. StepHen V., HAVEMEYER, JR., F. C., Havemeyver, T. A.,
Hint, James J.,
Hoe, Ricuarp M.,
Hoe, Mrs. Ricuarp M., Hopkins, Georce B., Hyne, Mrs. Crarence M., Isevin, JR., ADRIAN,
James, Anritur Curtiss, JENNINGS, ©. G.,
Kaun, Orro H., Lancpon, Woopsury G., Lypic, PHinie M., MecMiti1n, Emerson, Marriinc, Atrrep E., Maxweti, Rosert,
Mirts, OGpden,
Morecan, J. P.,
NIORGAN, Reads, es, Morton, Hon. Levi P., Nixes, W. W.,
QOsporn, Henry F arrriep, Osporn, Witiiam C., PenFrorp, Wittiam Hatt, PERKINS, GreorGE W., Pitpps, Henry, PHOENIX, Luioyp,
Prerce, Henry Cray, Porvrer, CLARENCE,
Pyne, M. Taynor,
Pyne, Percy R., Ropinson, Nerson, Sueparp, Mrs. Hetren Govt, ScHERMERHORN, EF. Avucusrus, Scuirr, Jacos H., Scuirr, Mortimer L., Scu ey, Grant B., Scuuyter, Mrs. Puiwip, Sroane, Witiiam D., Stetson, Francis L.; STewart, LispENARD, Stuneis, Franx K., Srurcis, Mrs. Franx K,,
17
Tuompson, Mrs. Frepericx Ferris,
Tuomprson, Lewis S., THORNE, SAMUEL, | VANDERBILT, ALFRED G., 4 VANDERBILT, W. K.,
* Deceased.
18 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
von Post, H. C., VapswortuH, W. A., WhHuite, JR., JOUN J.,
Barsour, Tromas,
Breese, C. WIiIL1iAM, Bickmore, Pror. ALBert S., Brair, Dr. W. Ret, Brisrot, Pror. Cuarwes L., Brooks, Dr. Hartow. Catkins, Pror. Gary N., Crampton, Pror. Henry E., CRANDALL, LEE S., Davenport, Dr. CuHartes B., Dean, Dr. Basurorp, Drrmrars, R. I.
Dutcuer, WILLIAM,
Grant, Manison,
Wuirtney, H. P., WHITNEY, Payne, Winturop, Ecerron L.,
Fellows 7
Grecory. Dr. Witiiam K.. GrINNELL, GeorceE B., Hornapay. Dr. Wm. T., Ler, Pror. Freperic G., Lucas, Dr. Freperic A., MatrHew, Dr. W. D., Mayer, Atrrep G., Merxket, Hermann W., Morcan, Pror. THomas H., Osporn, Pror. Henry F airriecp, Ospurn, Dr. Raymonp C., Seton, Ernest THOMPsoN, SHELDON, CIIARLES, TownsENnD, Dr. Cuartres H.,
Witson, Pror. Epmunp B.,
Annual Members
Axport, Mrs. Marte M., ABEEL, GEORGE,
ABEEL, JoHN H.,
AFERCROMBIE, Davin T., AcHELIS, F rirz,
ACHELIs, JOHN,
Apam, Jr., Hueco S.,
ApAms, Crrartes F.,
Apams, Mrs. F. T.,
Apams, Frevericx B.,
Apams, Miss Maung,
Apams, TuHatcuer M.,
Apams, Mrs. Wm. Crirrenvden. AGENS, FrepertcK Girarp. Apriance, Mrs. Wm. A., *AGNEW, ANDREW G.,
AGNEw, Mrs. Cornet ius R., AITKEN, JOHN W.,
Avpricu, Mrs. James Herman, ALEXANDER, Mrs. Cuarres B., ALEXANDER, DouGtas, ALEXANDER, Frank D., ALEXANDER, Mrs. Heten B., ALEXANDER, Mrs. Henry Anpison, ALEXANDER, Dr. Wetcome T., ALEXANDER, Mrs. WILttam, ALEXANDRE, J. Henry, ALEXANDRE, Mrs. J. JOSEPH, ALEXANDRE, Mrs. JoHn 1..,
ALLAND, MAuvrRICE,
ALLEN, Eran,
ALLIEN, FREDERICK, ALTSCHUL, C.,
AMEND, Rosert F., Amory, CopLey,
Ams, Cuartes M.,
Ansy, I: EL;
Anpvberson, P. CHAUNCEY, ANDREINI, J. M., AppLeron, Francis R., APPLETON, JAMES W., ARCHBOLD, Mrs. J. F., AREND, F. J.,
Armour, GerorcE A., Armour, Mrs. Herman O., ARMSTRONG, J. H., Armstronc, Dr. WILitAM, Arnotp, Mrs. Grover C., *Astror, JOHN JACOB, Avucuinctoss, Mrs. C. C., AvcuHinctoss, Jr., Mrs. Enear S., AucHINCcLoss, Sr., Mrs. Encar S., Avcuinctoss, Huen, AUCHINCLoss, JoHN W.,, AUERBACH, Mrs. Josern S., Aycrice, B. ArTHurR, Aymar, Mrs.,
Bacue, Juits S.,
* Deceased.
{The class of Fellows of the New York Zoological Society was organized early in 1909, and includes members of the Society who are working and scien- tific zoologists.
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 19
Bacue, Mrs. Jutes S., Bacon, GeorcGe W., Bacon, Mrs. Goruam, Bacc, Dr. Crinton L., BaHNSEN, C.,
Baker, STEPHEN, Batpwin, Freperick H., BaLpwin, JR., JARED G., Banes, Dr. L. Borron, Banks, TuHeopore H., Barpey, Henry G., Barciay, Mrs. Recinarp, Bartow, Peter TowNsEND, BarnarpD, J. AUGUSTUS,
Barnes, Miss Cuartorre A.,
Barnes, Epwarp W., Barnes, Jr., J. SANFORD, BarNEs, JAMES,
Barnes, Mrs. Joun S., Barney, A. L.,
Barney, Asupet H., Barney, Mrs. J. Stewart, Barney, N. C.,
Barnum, Witiiam M., Barron Georce D., Barrow, Miss D. B., Barton, Wits E., Barrerson, JAMES G.,, BauMANN, GusTAV, Baxter, JR., GeEorce S., Bayarpb, Louis P., Bayuies, Epmunp L.,
*Bayuirs, Mrs. NatHarie E.,
Bayuts, WILLIAM, Bracu, Watter R., LBEADLESTON, ALFRED N., Beat, Wittiam R., Becker, CHRISTIAN, Becker, F. W.,
Bever, Harotp W., BEEKMAN, Dr. FENWICK, Beers, Mrs. E. Le Granp, Beur, Roserr,
Bett, Parx E.,
Bement, Epwarp, BENJAMIN, EvuGENE S.,
BENJAMIN, GEORGE POWELL,
BenxkarpD, Harry H., Benxkarp, Mrs. Harry H., Grenson, Miss Mary, Benson, R. Lawrence, Benson, Rosert,
Benson, Miss Trynrza, BerNHEIMER, CuHartes L., *BERNHEIMER, Simon E.., BeroizHemme_er, E., Bertron, S. R.,
Bickmore, Pror. ArBert S.,
Brer, Mrs. SyLvan,, Biies, CC. KG, Briirncs, FREDERICK, *BincHam, KennetaH F., bircu, STEPHEN, Birecuatt, WwW. H.,
Biro, Epwarp Dimon, Brrp, GEorGE,
BisHor, Miss Mary CuNNINGHAM, BisHop, OGpen,
BiaGpen, GEORGE, Bracpen, Mrs. GrorcGe, BiaGpEN, Mrs. Juria G., Bratn, D.C.
Brair, J. INsLeEy,
Brair, Mrs. Lepyarp, Braxe, Dr. Josepy A.,, BLakKESsLEE, T. J.,
Buss, Ernest C.,
Bropcer, ALDEN S., Buopvcetrr, Witt1am ‘TrILpon, Broopvcoop, Roserr F., BiLoomincpaLe, JosePrH B., Bross, James O.,
Borerrcer, H. W., BoissEvain, G. L..
Botton, Miss Erra F., Bonp, Atrrep H.,
Bonpb, STEPHEN N.,, Bonner, G. T.,
Bootru, Mrs. Aveusta, BoresrepE, JoHN G,, Borianp, J. NELSON, Bortanp, Mrs. Joun, Bortannd, WiLtiamM G., “Bostwick, Abert C., Bourton, Witi1am B., Bowpor1n, Miss Epiru, Bowpoin, Terre. Bowvo1n, Mrs. Tempte, Bowen, CrLaRENCE WINTHROP, Bowen, JAMES,
Bowers, Joun M.,
Bowne, Francts Draper, *Brackett, Grorce C.,, Braptey, ALLan B. A.,, Brapy, Mrs. J. R.,
Brapy, Nicuoras F., Brann, Oscar J.,
Bransom, Pavt,
Braun, FREDERICK, Bremer, Avcust F., Brewster, Mrs. BENJAMIN, Brewster, Mrs. Cuartes O., Brewster, GeorcGe S., Brinces, Rosert, BRINCKERHOFF, ELBert A., Bristor, Pror. Cuartes L.,
* Deceased.
20 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Brisrot, JouHn I. D., Bristow, Wittiam B., BropMERKEL, CHARLES, Brokaw, Ciirrorp V., Brokaw, Mrs. Ciirrorp V., Brokaw, Mrs. Isaac V.. Bronson, Dr. EKnwarp BENNET, Bronson, MayuHew W., Bronson, Mrs. Metvin A., Brooxs, Dr. Hartiow, Broveu ton, Mrs. U. H., Brower, Georce V.,
Brown, Hon. Anovison, Brown, Cuartes IF ., Brown, Dickson Q., Brown, Epwin H.,
Brown, Cor. FRANKLIN Q., Brown, Horace,
Brown, Irvinc Swan, Brown, JoHn Barker, Brown, STEPHEN P., Brown, Mrs. ‘Tnomas E., Brown, VERNON CARLETON, Brown, Watpron P., Brownine, J. A., BrowninG, Wittiam H., Brucker, Cart, A Brunoice, Miss Exisaperu B., Bryant, Dr. Josern D., Bryce, Mrs. Wit1iam, Buckner, THomas A., Bupp, Henry A., Burecuner, C. Frep, Buikiey, Epwin M., Butktey, Mrs. Evwin M., Buixiey, L. Duncan,
Buti, Witi1am L.,
BurRDEN, JR., JAMES A., BurvEN, Jr., Mrs. James A., BurpDEen, Mrs. W. A. M., Bourerss, Epwarp G., BurieicH, Grorce W., Buriteicu, Mrs. Grorce W., Burnuam, Mrs. Doveras W.. Burr, WIntTHROP,
Busu, Joun S.,
Busx, Frep T.,
Burrter, Arritur W., Burrer, Mrs. Nicuoras Murray, Burien, Mrs. P. H., Burtier, Miss Vircinia, Byrne, Mrs. James,
Cazor, F. H.,
Carsar, Henry A.,
CATE NE IUIEhUS mie
Cater, Amos H.,
CaLkins, Pror. Gary N., CaLLENDER, Miss Mary R.,
CaLLENDER, WatxTtER R., CaLMAN, ALBERT,
Cartman, Henry L., CaMMANN, Epwarp C., CAMMANN, Henry Loriviarp, CamMManN, Herman H., CANFIELD, GrorGE Foucer, CANFIELD, Ricuarp A., CANNON, JAMES G., Canrosert, A. H.,
Carey, Frevericx F., Carey, Henry T., Caruart, A. SIBLEY, CarnecieE, Mrs. ANprReEw, CaRPENDER, WILLIAM, Carr, Mrs. Water L., Cartier, P. C.,
Case, Henry P.,
Cass, CHARLES ANDERSON, Cassarp, Wittiam J., *CaSWELL, JoHN H., Catucartr, Miss JENNIE R., Cerero, R. L.,
Cuapot, THeEopore J., CHAMBERS, FrRaNK R., CuamBers, Hinary R., CHAMPOLLION, ANDRE, Crapixn. Miss Marta Bowen, CHAPMAN, ARrtrHUR, CuapMan, Henry Oris, CHAPMAN, JOHN Jay, CHAUNCEY, ELiHv,, CHENEY, GeorceE L., CnueEsesproucH, Roperr A., CHICHESTER, CHartes Darwin, Cuitpv, Mrs. Lewis P., Cuinps, Everstey,
CnHitps, Starring W., Cuitps, Wittiam H., CuisHoim, B. Open, CuisHoitm, Mrs. B. Ocpen. Cnoate, JosepH K., Crristiz, Roserr L., Cuuss, Percy,
CuurcH, Cuartes T., Cuurce, Jr, 2 Ds CHurce, 1S:
CuurcH, Freperic E., CuurcH, THEODORE, W., CLAFLIN, JOHN,
Crark, Cuarites Martin, Crark, D. Crawrorp, Crarx, J. Francis Atoysius. Criark, J. MircHett, Crark, Mrs. JouHn C., (Givin, IU, (Cz
Cxuark, JR., Louis C., Crark, Miss Martan AVERELL,
* Deceased.
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT
Crank, W. A:
CiarK, WALTER G., CrarK, Wittiam N., Crank, BH. A. SS:
CrarkKe, THomas SHIELDs, CLausren, GeEorceE C., Crews, Mrs. James B., CiypE, Wittiam P., Cocurane, A. W. S., Cocurane, F. D., Cocxcrort, Miss E. V., Cocxran, Hon. W. Bourke, Coppincton, Mrs. JEFFERSON, *CopMan, Mrs. Ocpden, Corrin, Wittiam Epwarp, Cotzron, Pau TowNnsEND, CoLtBuRN, ALBERT E., Cotsy, Howarp A.,
Core, Epwarp F.,
Cote, Mrs. Rurus,
Cormens Mrss ite J, Cottins, CLarENCE Lyman, Cottins, Miss Grerrrupe, Cotuins, Dr. Stacy Bunn, Cott, Harris D.,
Cort, Ricwarp C., Comstock, Mrs. H. G., Connon, THomas GERALD, ContTENT, Hakry,
Conway, Mrs Mavup ALtLtts, ConyncHaM, JoHN N., Coox, Cuartes S.,
Coox, Mrs. Freprrick, Coomse, T. Gorron, Coorrer, H. S. Fenrore, Coorrer, ‘THEODORE, Corsetr, Mrs. Henry L.. CorBIn, AUSTIN,
Coruies, Howarp,
Connie, C. R.,
Costain, Evcene H., Coster, Epwarp Livinesron, Cowpin, WINTHROP, *Cowres, Davin S.,
*Cox, Cuartes F.,
Cox, JENNINGS 5S., Crampton, Pror. Henry E., Cranvbatt, Ler S., *CRANE, JONATHAN H., Crane, Mrs. JonarnHan H., CravatH, Mrs. Paut D., Crawrorp, WILLIAM, Craven, Dr. Gustav A., Crocker, Wittiam P., CroMweELt, FREDERIC, CrRoMWELL, JAMES W., CroMWwELL, Lincoun,
Crossy, MaunseEtt S.,
Cross, Mrs. C. VANDERBILT, ‘Cross, Grorce D.,
Cross, W. Repmonp, Crosstey, G. REGINALD, CRUICKSHANK, JAMES, CuNNINGHAM, W. DEL., Curren, EH;
Cusuine, Harry A., CusHman, Mrs. James S., Curter, Rateu L., Currine, R. Furton, *Currinc, W. Bayarp, Currinc, Mrs. W. Bayarp, Cuyirr, Mrs. C. C.,
Cuvier, Miss Ereanor bDEG., Daitey, GRanviILLe F., Datry, Mrs. Marcus, *Damon, Wittiam E., Dana, Cuartes A.,
Dana, Pauvt,
Darpbs, Cartes A., Davenvort, Dr. Cuartes B., Davenport, Mrs. Ira, Davince, Witi1am H., Davies, Frepertck M., Davigs, J. CLARENCE, Davies, JULIEN TAPPAN, Davis, Danie, A.,
Davis, GHERARDT,
Davis, How1Lanp,
Davis, Josepn P.,
Davis, Morcan,
Davison, CHARLES STEWART, Davison, Miss Exra H., Davison, Georce Howarp, Davison, Mrs. Henry P., Day, ArrHuR M.,
Day, Mrs. Henry Mirts, Drawn, Dr. Basurorp, DeCopret, Henry,
Dereves, Ricuarp,
pEForrsr, Miss CaroLine, DeForest, Rosert W., Drcener, J. F., DeGorcourta, A. V., DEGRAFFENRIED, Baroness R., DrKkiyn, Be F.,
DeLaFrieLp, Frepericx P.,
21
Dexarietp, Miss Juria Livinestron,
DELANO, WaRkREN,
DreLanoy, Witiram C., pELAuGIER-VILLARS, COUNTESS, Demarest, Mrs. WarrEN G., peMiruav, Louts Jonn, Demine, L. C.,
Deremorest, Wm. Curtis, Demorest, Mrs. Wm. Curtis, Drrew, Mrs. Cuauncey M.,
* Deceased.
22 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
DePuy, Henry F., pERuam, Mrs. H. Casrmir, Desparp, Water D., DEVEREUX, Water B., DrVinne, THeopore Low, *DeWirr, Grorce G., DeWirt, Wim G., Dexter, STANLEY W., *Drey, ANTHONY,
Deyo, Rosert E.,
Dicx, Mrs. Evans R., Dicx, J. Henry, Dickerson, E. N., Diren., Georce H., Dient, Jr., Georce H., Dienst, A. P.,
Dixe, Oscar D.,
Dimocx, Grorce E., Dixon, TuHeovore P., Dopp, Miss Gerrrupe, Doner, D. Sruart,
Doner, Miss Exvizasernr W., Dopncr, Miss Grace H., *Dommericu, L. F., Donatp, Miss Anna E., Doremus, F. S.,
Dovueuas, JAMEs,
Doveras, Wititiam H., Douciass, ALFRED,
Down, Josern,
Down, Mrs. Josernu, Downey, Joun I.,
Dows, Jr., Mrs. Davin, Dows, Tracy, DrakENFIELD, B. FERDINAND, Draper, Dr. Witiiam K., Drayton, J. CoLEMAN, Dnraz, FRANCIs,
Drexet, Mrs. Jonn R., Droescuer, S. R., Drummonp, I. Wyman, Duane, Ricuarp Bacue, DuBois, Dr. Marruew B., JuEL, Dr. Antuur B., Durr, Mrs. Jonn BEVERLEY, Duties, Jr., WILLIAM, Duncan, Mrs. Joun P., DuNCAN, STUART, *Duncan, W. Butter, Dunpas, Ratpu Worts, Dunuam, Dr. Carrot, Dunuam, Mrs. G. H., Dunn, GANo,
Duryea, Mrs. H. B., Durcuer, WILLIAM, DuVat, Mrs. Horace C., Dwicut, Mrs. Enmunp, Dwicut, Jonn K.,
Eames, JoHN C., Eastman, Miss Anne K., Easton, Cuarres Puiripe, Eaton, Mrs. Freperick H., Exspine, A. H., - Ecxstre1n, Grorce, Enear, D.,
Epcar, Herman L. R., Enear, Mrs. J. Crirron, Epcetxt, Grorce S., Epmonps, Joun W., Ecer, THeopor G., Ecerton, M.,
KeceEtine, Orro,
Erouirz, Rozserr James, Erers, Cart,
Exsers, Mrs. Frrrz, YLDRIDGE, FRepertIcK L., ELpripce, Wi1t11am T., Euis, Witti1aMm D., Exztswortu, Duncan S., Evtsworru, J. M., Eiiswortu, Lincoxn, EMANUEL, JR., Ji. El, Emmet, C. TEMPLE, Emmet, Miss Lyopra F., Emmet, Rospert Tempte, Ewnopricorr, Roserr,
Eno, JoHN CHESTER, Erpston, R.,
ErpmMann, Martin, Erriincer, Louts,
{USTIs, JOHN E.,
Evans, Mrs. D. W., Evans, Ricuarp,
Evarts, A. W.,
KiXvarts, Miss Mary, Evarts, SHERMAN, EvEeLanp, Frank, Everett, A. L.,
Fapprt, ALESSANDRO, Fassri, Ernesto G., Fapsrt, Mrs. Ernesto G., Fannestrock, Harris C., Faunestrocx, Mrs. SNowpen, Fannestock, WILLIAM, Farrpanks, Henry P., Farrcuitp, Mrs. C. S., Fartx, Gustav,
Farts, Mrs. De Wirt Crinton,, Farco, JaMEs C.,
Fartey, Cotvin, Farnuam, PavuLpine, Farrevzty, T. CHartes, Farrincton, Harvey, Fay, Francis B., Frettows, Wm. Gorpvon, FENNELL, Grorce W.,
* Deceased.
SEVENTEENTH
I'ercuson, Harry L., Frercuson, Rev. Henry, Ierris, Hersert W., Freuss, Capt. ANDREW W., FreustmMann, Lron P., Iiretp, Mrs. Avueusrus B., Fiero, Wittiam B. Oscoon, Frecp, Mrs. Witziam B. Oscoop, Fietp, Mrs. Witiiam H.,, Frieip1nc, Georce T., Fincke, Mrs. REGINALD, Fiscuer, Wittiam H., Miser, WW. Gi
Fisk, DanieLt M., Fracier, Harry Harkness, FLannery, Mrs. Josery A., Fuint, Jr., Austin, F'Lower, Frepericxk S., Four, Franz,
Fouiterr, Ricuarp E., Foot, James D.,
Foran, GrorGeE J.,
Forp, Miss Lesra, Forpyce, JouHn A., Foster, Enywarp W., Foster, Giraup,
Foster, J. HeGeman, Foster, Macoms G., losrer, Scort,
Fow rer, Mrs. ANDERSON, Fow er, Jr., Master Cruar es, Fowrer, Harorp,
Fowter, THomas Powett, *Fratey, JoHN U., Frank, Louis,
Fraser, ALEX. J.,
Fraser, Atex. V.,
Fraser, Mrs. Georce S., Fraser, Miss J. K., T’raser, Miss S. Grace, Fraser, Witiram C., FREEMAN, Miss GeErrrupbe, Frees, Joun F.,
Frencu, Dr. CEcit, Frencu, Daniet C., Frencu, Mrs. Joun, Friep, Samson,
Fries, Dr. Haron H., Frissetu, A. S.,
Frosr, Aaron V.,
Fuupa, Dr. CLeMENs, Fourier, Cuartes D., Futter, Mrs. KuGene, Funke, EKpmunp A., Furniss, Miss CLEMENTINA, Gatnes, JoHN M., GALLATIN, ALBERT, GALLATIN, GOELET,
ANNUAL REPORT ae
Gatiatin, Mrs. GoEtet, Gattaway, Merritt W., Garrett, JoHN W.,, Gaunt, JAMES,
Gautier, Dupiey G., Gay, JoserH l..,
Geer, Mrs. WaAtteR, GrISENHEIMER, ‘THEODORE, Getgacu, Dr. R. WitiiaM, Gerrisu, JouNn Brown, Gerry, Peter G.,
GerstLe, Epwarp G., GIANINI, CHartrs A., GILBERT, CLINTON, Giuutespic, Roserr McM., GitsEy, JR., HENRY, GLAZIER, HENRY S., Guyn, W. E.,
GoapBy, W. H.,
Gopparp, Mrs. I. Norron, Gopparp, Frepreric N., Goprrey, Mrs. E. D., GOLDMANN, JULIUS, GotpscumipT, S. A., GooprveE, Cuartes E., Goopuve, Mrs. S. C., Gooprince, Mrs. F. G.,, , Goopwin, Georce B., Goopwin, Mrs. J. J., GorrHeLr, CHARLES, Gorruetr, Herman, GorrHoLp, FREDERIC, Goutp, Crartes A., Goutp, CuHares W,, GouLp, Epvwin,
Grauam, Mrs. Rozertr D., *Grant, R.'S.;
Graves, GeorGe Cor, Graves, Jr., Henry, Gray, Henry G.,
Greerr, Ernest F., GREENOUGH, JOHN, Greenovucu, Mrs. Jonn, *GreENWoop, Isaac J., GrEENWoop, J. WM. GREER, CHARLES,
Greer, WittiaM A., Grecory, Dr. Wittiam K., Grirrin, Mrs. Witiiam P., GrirritH, Miss Marcarette E., GrirrirH, Miss Susan D., GRrINNELL, E. Morcan, Griscom, Jr., CLEMENT A., GRISWOLD, CHESTER, GriswoLp, GEORGE,
Gross, Frank, GUGGENHEIM, SIMON, Gutiiver, Mrs. W. C..
* Deceased.
24 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
x
GURNEE, WALTER Haicut, CHARLES Haines, Cuartes D.,
Hace, JoHn D.,
[ATT PAC Cs
Hatt, ArtHur H.,
Harn, Prank I.;
Hatt, THomas C.,
Hattock, CHaries P., Hatts, Jr., WiLiiaM, Hatsey, Hersert Drake, *Hartstreap, Miss L. P., Hamerstrey, Miss C. L., Hamerstey, Louris Gorpon, Hamirtton, Miss ADELAIDE, Hiamitton, Miss EnizasperH STEWART, Hamirron, Mrs. WiirtaAm Prerson, Hammonp, James B., Hammonpn, Mrs. Joun Henry, Hammronn, Ocpen H., Hance, Jonn A., Hansrorp, M. M., HaNsSMANN, Cart A., Harseck, Cuartts T.,
Harp, Anson W.,
*Harp, Mrs. Anson W., HarpensercH, T. E., Harmon, Mrs. Crirrorp, Harrer, Laruror C., Harriman, Mrs. J. ARrDEN, Harriman, Mrs. J. Borpen, Harris, Mrs. Arserr H.,, Harrison, Francis Burton, Harrsuorne, J. M.,
Harvey, Et,
HaAssLACHERr, JACOB, Hastines, Mrs. Tuomas, HavemMeryer, JRr., F. C., HaveMever, Jr., H. O., Havemeyer, J. C., HavemMeyer, IT. A.,
Haven, Jr., GEorce G., Haven, J. Woopwarp, Havens, ALBERT G.,
Hawe, Marrnuew,
Haves, Mrs. R. Tomers. Haynes, Witrtam DeForest, Hecker, Dr. ANTON J., Hecxscner, Mrs. Avucust, Hepcrs, Jos E.,
*Hriman, ABRAHAM. Herman, E.,
Heintz, JouHn C., *HEITEMEYER, CLEMENS, HeEencKEN, Hancke, *Hennpricxs, FRANCTs, Hernestier, Louis.
Hennine, Emin F.,
S., Ses
Hennine, H.,
Hepspurn, A. Barron, Herpurn, Mrs A. Barron, HerMANN, Bernarp F., HERMANN, FERDINAND, Herrick, Haron, “Herrman, Mrs. Esruer, Herrer, Mrs. ALBerr?, Herter, Mrs. Curistran A., Hess, SELMAR,
Hewirr, Mrs. Asram S., Hewirr, Herserr H., Hlexamer, A. P.,
Hitt, E. B.,
Hitt, Franx B.,
Hitt, Roser C.,
Hints, Dr. Atrrep K., HincumMan, WALTER, Hirscu, Cartes S., Hircucock, Frank R., Hocuscuitp, BertTHorp, Hor, Mrs. Roserrt, HorrMan, Crarres FREDERICK, *Horrman, Mrs. E. A., Horrman, Miss M. U., Hoce, James A., Horsroox, Mrs. Epwarp, Horsroox, Mrs. F. S., Hotpen, Epwin R., Hotimms, Henry B., *Ho.uster, Wm. H., Hott, Henry,
Tourer, Mrs. Ei. O., Homes, Henry F.,
Hooxer, Dr. Ransom S., Hoorey, Epwin S., Hoppin, Miss Frances, foppin, Hamuitron L., Horrin, Jr., Wittman W., Hornapay, Mrs. J. C., Hosxier, H. C.,
Horcuxin, W. B.,
Howe, Wrrr,
Jeloyaoine, Ab5 VANS
Howtanp, Henry E.., Howtanp, Mrs. Henry E., Hoyr, CoieGate,
Hoyt, Mrs. Concare, “Hoyt, Goorn,
Hoyt, Mrs. Henry R., Hoyr, Mrs. Jr&sse,
Hoyt, Joun S.,
Hoyt, Watter S., : Hunmrnureys, Mrs. Enwarp WatsH, Hunn, Arrior B.,
Hunt, Mrs. Crartes WARREN, Hunt, Mrs. Lric#, Huntinctron, Mrs. Arcuer M.,
* Deceased.
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 25
Huntineron, Miss Mary C., Huntinctron, Mrs. Roserr P., Huntman, Rev. Gerarp H., Hurret, J. Curisropuer G., *Houriaur, Franx M., Hussey, Wittiam H., Hustrep, Miss M. KaryHarine, Hiusrep, Jr., Seymour L., Hurcnins, Aucustus SCHELL, Hurcuinson, Cary T., Hutter, Kart,
Eiuyvier, C. D.;
Huyvner, F. D.,
Hype, Mrs. A. Firumore, Hype, Avcusrus L.,
Hype, B. T. Bassrrt,
Hype, Mrs. Crarence M., Hype, Dr. Krepertck E., Hype, W. Trustow,
Hype, Mrs. Wir11am H., GAMES) lee,
Incues, Grorce B.,
Irons, Henry C.,
Irvin, Mrs. Ricwarp, IsELIN, Jr., ADRIAN,
Isextin, C. O’DoNNELL, IsexIn, C. OLIver,
Isrt1n, Miss GerorGIne, IseLIN, JoHN H,,
Isenin, Miss Louise M., Isetin, Wittiam E.,
Iserin, Mrs. Witztiam E., IsexiIn, Wittiam O’DoNNELL, IsHam, Cuartes B.,
IsHamM, SAMUEL,
Jackson, Dr. Georce ‘T'HoMAs, *Jacxson, R. G.,
Jackson, R. Hatsey, JACKSON, SAMUEL MacautLey, JACOB, LAWRENCE,
Jacosr, Dr. A.,
Jacosus, JoHN S., JACQUELIN, Hersert T. B., James, Artrirur CurRTISss. Jamus, Dr. Roperrt C., James, Mrs. Watter B., *JANEWAY, Dr. Epwarp G., Jarvis, Mrs. S. M., JENKINS, Mrs. Heten H., JENKINS, Wit1tiAm B., JENNINGS, FRepdERICK B., JENNINGS, Puitanver R., JENNINGS, SIDNEY J., JENNINGS, WALTER,
Jesup, Ricuarp M.,
JoHNEs, Witt1am Fourxke, Jounson, F. Corr,
Jounson, Guy B., Jounston, J. Herserr, JOHNSTON, WILLIAM J., *JoLINE, ADRIAN Horrman, Jones, Mrs. A. Mason, Jones, Miss Beatrix, Jones, Mrs. CapwaLaber, JoNES, Dwicut A.,
Jones, H. Botron,
Jones, Lewis Q.,
Jones, TOWNSEND,
Junson, Els I,
Kaun, Louts,
Kaun, Orro H.,
Kann, Dr. Ropert J., KamMeEna«a, Wittiam L., Kane, Mrs. DeLancey, Kane, Miss Louisa Lanepon, Kast, Dr. Lupwie, Kautz-EuLenserc, Miss P. R., Kean, Mrs. Hamittron F isu, Kean, Hamitton ‘T., Keecu, Franx B.,
KEELER, Mrs. C. B., KEeetinc, Mrs. Wuerpon, Keren, Franx H.,
KeriL, Henry F.,
Ikettoce, Mrs. Cruarves, *KELLY, EUGENE, ; Kertity, Horace R.,
Kemp, Arruvur T., KENNEDY, EKpwarp G., KENNEDY, Mrs. Jomun Srewart, Kent, Epwin C.,
Keppet, Davin,
“KEPPEL, I’REDERICK, Kernan, Mrs. Watrer N., KruFFret, W. G.,
KKeyser, Mrs. SaAmMvuet, KaippER, JAMES HarHaway, Kimpatt, Atrrep R., Kine, Avcustrus F.,
Kine, Brverty S.,
Kine, Miss Erne ,
Kine. Mrs. J. Howarop, Kine, James Gore,
Kine, Mrs. Leroy, Kinestanp, Mrs. Wittiam M., KiNNEY, Morris,
KINNEY, WARREN, Kinnicurt, Dr. Francis P., Kap. W. Rutorr, Kitcuine, Frank W., KITTREDGE, SAMUEL Dana, Kitz, Josern,
Kiaw, Marc,
*Kier, BENJAMIN,
* Deceased.
26 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Knapp, Mrs. JosepH PAtmer, Kynicut, Cuartes R., KNoepLeR, Rotanp F., Korenter, H. C., KoHLMAN, CHARLES, Kontsaat, Miss Enrrn M., Kors, FREDERICK,
Kors, Jr., Georce C., Kors, Gustave F.,
Krecu, Mrs. Arvin W., Kremer, Wiri1am N., Kremer, Mrs. Wittiam N., KrunscHEm, C. D., Kuempe.t, Max,
Kunuarpt, Henry R., Kuser, JoHN Dryden, KuseEr, JoHN L., Kurrrorr, Apo, Lacomsr, Hon. EK. HENry, Laprensurc, Mrs. Anpotr S., Lacar, Dr. GEorGE, LAIMBEER, JR., JOHN, Laine, Enear H., Lampert, Dr. A. V. S., Lampert, Dr. ALEXANDER, LamsBert, Dr. Samvuet W., Lamont, Mrs. THomas WILLIAM, Lanpon, Mrs. E. H., Lanpon, Francis G., LANE, Epwarp V. Z., LANE, JAMES WARREN, Lane, Wotcott G., Lancpon, Jr., Woopnsury G., Lance, Miss Carmen, IWANIGE sls
ILANGELOTEH, Ji. LANGMANN, Dr. Gustav, Lanier, Mrs. James F.: D., LarHam, Mrs. JoHN J., Larrinc, Cuartes P., Lavupaver, I. N., -Laurerbacn, Mrs. LAWRENCE, JoHN BuRLING, LAWRENCE, JOHN L., T.awrEeNCcE, Newsorp T., LawreENCE, TOWNSEND, LAWRENCE, W. V., *TAWRENCE, WattTeR Bowen, LEARNED, WALTER,
Lepiic, Grorce,
Lepoux, Dr. Arsert R., Lepyarp, Enear M., Lepyarp, Mrs. Lewis C., Lee, Pror. Freperic S., Lee, Mrs. Freperic S., Ler, J. Bowers,
Lee, Wittiam H. L., Lerrerts, MarsHatt C., Lrumatrr, James M., LELAND, WILFRED C., Iesmer, A. 1.,
Lesiir, WARREN, LETKEMANN, H. V., Lrvy, EMANUEL,
Lewis, Mrs. Aveust, Lewis, Frepertc Ex.iorr, Lewis, Percy Pyne, Lewis, Dr. WiLtiam J,, LewisoHN, ADOLPH, Lizser, Hueco,
Lincotn, Lowe tt, Lircurietp, E. Huserr,, Lircurierp, Enwarp H., Livincsron, WiL11AM S., LOBENSTINE, WILLIAM C., Lockwoop, Ernest M., Locxwoop, Dr. Georce R., Locan, FrRanxK J., Loomis, Guy,
Lorp, Mrs. Georce DeForest, Low, Eruersert Ive, Lowe, WILLIAM,
Lower, Miss Cartorra Russetr, LoweEtL, James B.,
Lownopts, D.D., Tue Rev. Arruur,
Lucas, Dr. Freperic A., Luce, Mrs. Harry J., LUCHSINGER, JACQUES, LupEKE, A.,
Luptow, Rear-Apmirat NicoLt, Lueper, A.,
Lummis, Miss Exiza O’B., Lusk, Pror. Granam, LurrceNn, WALTHER,
Lyman, Frank,
Lyon, Emory S., MacrarLANE, WALLACE, MacVeicu, Cuartes S., McALEENAN, JOSEPH, McAtuprin. Mrs. Cuartes W., McAtrin, Jr., Mrs. D. Hunter, McAtprn, Georce L., McBurney, Cuartes I., McCace, Louis B.,
McCoon, Miss Eprrn, MeCutton, J. 8., McCurcHeon, JAMES, McGuire, Josepu H., McKeever, J. LAwRrENCE, McKim, Joun A.,
McKim, Leroy,
Mckinney, Gren Forp, McLant, THomas L.,
* Deceased.
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 2,
McLean, MarsHatt, McMurtry, G., MeWitutaMs, Dantet W., Macy, Grorce H.,
Macer, JOHN,
Macer, F. Rosert, *Mauonry, Miss Heten F., McLeEan, JAMES,
Mate, Francis S.,
Matt, PIerre,
Maut, Mrs. Pierre, Manice, Mrs. WiLtiaM, Mann, Wittiam DALTON, Mawnsrietp, Howarp, Maptrs, Jr., DANIEL, Mapes, Ernest S., Marsury, Miss EvizABetH, Marcus, Grorce E., Marxoe, Dr. J. W., Marino, Atrrep E., Marsm, C. P:;
Marsuary, Cruarves H., Marston, Epwin S., Martin, Jr., BRADLEY, Martrn, Howarp T., Martin, JOHN S., *Martrin, Wittiam R. H., Martinez, Micurer R., Mason, WILLIAM, Masten, Arruur H., Masters, Miss,
Marnews, THoMAs, Marrnew, Dr. W. D., Maxwe.t, Ropert, Mayer, JESSE,
Mayer, JOHN,
Mayer, Mrs. Josepu B., {aynarpD, Durr G., Maywnarp, Mrs. Water E., Merxer, Henry E., Menut, Henry,
Metien, Cruartes S., Merritr, Henry C., Mercatre, Carprain Henry, Meyer, CHARLES,
Meyer, Dr. Georce W., Meyer, Miss Hetotrse, Meyrowitz, Eni B., Mirpanxk, ArBert J., Mirpurn, Joun G., Mitier, Mrs. Cuartes E., Miiier, Roswe tt,
Mittet, Mrs. F. D., MILLIKEN, S. M.,
~
Miris, ABraHam G.,, Mitts, ANDREW,
Mitmine, C. E.,
Morrat, Greorce Barcriay, Montant, ALPHONSE, MontTGoMeEryY, CARLETON, Montcomery, Ricuarp M., Moore, Casimir vER., Moore, Jr., CHARLES ARTHUR, Moore, Miss Fairn, Moore, Miss K. 1., Moorueap, Horace R., MoraweEtz, VICTOR, Morcan, Miss Anne T., Morcan, Miss C. L., Morean, Epwin D., *Morcan, Grorce H., Morcan, Mrs. J. B., Morcan, Mrs. J. PIERPONT, MorcGan, JuNIUS S., Morcan, Mrs. Junius S., Morcan, Pror. Tuomas H., Morcan, Wm. FELLowEs, Morcan, Jr., Wm. Forses, Morris, Dave H.,
=Morris, JoHN JACOB, Morris, Dr. Lewis RurHerrurn, Mortimer, RicHarp, Morton, A. L.,
Morton, Mrs. Henry SAMUEL, Mostze, A. Henry,
Morr, Henry C.,
Morr, Joun Bowne, Mort, Mrs. VALENTINE, Mvuetter, Cuartes F., Muutrevp, Franx J., MuLier, WILLIAM, Munroe, Henry W., Morcatroyp, JonHn, Morray, Miss Louisr, Myers, Witziam S., Narceti, Rosert,
Neirson, Dr. Howarp 5., NEILsoN, WALLACE Piatt, Netson, James W., NeEsMITH, JAMES, *NEuMER, FERDINAND, Neumorcen, M. L., NEuMOEGEN, Mrs. M. L., Newman, Hwvco,
Nicuors, Acosta, Nicuots, JoHn W. T., Nires, Ropert L.,
Nosie, ALFRED,
Norri, Grorce B., Norton, Grorce F., Noyes, Mrs. Henry D.,
* Deceased.
28 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OBERMAYER, CHARLES J., OLCONNELE Rei dels OFFERMAN, JOHN, QcpeNn, Cuartes W., Oumets, JOHN,
Oumets, P. M.,
Oxcorr, 2np, DuDLEy, Ouin, Mrs. StepuHen H., OCLyPHANT, Rospert, OtypHant, Ropertr M., Onavavia, JoHN VICTOR, Orpycxe, Leonarp E., OprrnuHyYM, GEORGE J., Orpway, SAMUEL H.,
O’ Rourke, JouHn F.,
Osporn, Mrs. Henry Farrrrerp,
Cspurn, Dr. Raymonp C., OurersrinGe, Dr. Pavt, Owen, Henry E., Pacxarp, Mrs. E. Winstow, Pace, Witnram H., Painter, Dr. H. McM., FALMER, S. S.,
Parmer, Dr des.
Parisu, WaAtNwriGHr, Farker, WintTnrop, Parpart, Wittiam E., Parsons, Epwin,
Parsons, Mrs. Enwin, Parsons, Miss Grertrupde, Parsons, H. DEB., Parsons, JoHN E., Parsons, Miss Mary, Parsons, Wittiam Barczuay, Parsons, Witiiam H., Partrince, Enwarp L., Paterson, R. W., Patterson, HeNry Stuart, PAaun, JOEN J:
Payne, Mrs. Henry W., PEABODY, STEPHEN, Pearson, F. S.,
Pearson, Mrs. Frepericx, Praster, Miss F. Ranpoipn, Prcx, Leicester O.,
PELL, STEPHEN H. P., PENDLETON, FRANCIS Key, PeNroip, EnpMuNp, *PENFOLD, Wittiam Hatt, RERcivyaq, le. ASD: Prrkins, Rosert P.,
Perry, Witiiam A.,
Perer, Emit,
Peters, Samuct T.,
Perers, Witttam Ricumonp, Vrrirrer, Grorce,
Prizer, Jr., Cuar.es, Puerps, Mrs. AnseEt, Puetrs, Dr. Governeur M., Puitiies. Wittiam W.,, PickHarpt, Cart,
Pret, Gorrrrien,
Pret, Micwact,
Prerce, Henry Cray, PIERREPONT, Miss ANNA JAy, PrerrREPoNT, R. SruyveEsant, Pierson, Gen. J. FRrep, Pics, Re We,
Pincnor, GrirrorD,
Pratt, Cuartes H.,
Pratt, Franx H., leamNabuoasis ley Mes
Praur, ALBERT,
Piympron, Gitpert M., Potx, Dr. Wit1iam M., PottocKx, Grorce E., Pomroy, Mrs. H. K., Poor, Henry V.,
Pore, Miss,
Pore, FrepERIcK W.,
orn, Gab:
Porter, CLARENCE,
Porter, Horace,
Porter, Witi1am L.,
Post, Asram S.,
Post, Mrs. Cuartes ALFRED, Post, Epwarp C.,
Post, Jr., Georce B., Porrer, Miss Brancue, Porrer, Epwarp CrLarxkson, Porrrer, FREDERICK, Porrer, R. Burnsive, Porrer, Mrs. R. Burnsipe, Porrs, Witt1am Brevoort, Poucnun, A. B.,
Prarr, Georce D.,
Pratt, JoHN T.,
Pratt, Mrs. JonHn T., PRENTICE, JoHN Hitt, Prentiss, Miss Hennrterra, Press, IT. CuHannon, Preston, VERYL,
Prime, Miss Cornetta, Prince, Epnwarp S., Prince, Pror. J. DyYNELEy, Procrrr, WILLIAM, Procror, Wm. Ross, Pryer, CHARLES,
Puirzer, Mrs. Josery, Putnam, J. BisHop, Putnam, Witiiam A., *Pyte, James ToLMan, Pyne, Mrs. M. Taytor,
* Deceased.
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 20
FYynrE, 2np, Percy R., QuintarD, Dr. Enwarp, Raprorp, Harry V., RANDALL, Frank E., RanpotpH, EpmMunp D., RANDOLPH, WILLIAM W., Ranrr, Riciarp, Rapatto, Epwarp S., Rascovar, JAMES, Rasmus, W.,
Rasmus, W. T., Ratruporne, Ricuarp C., Raucu, WILLIAM,
Reap, Wiuu11am A., RepmMonp, Miss E., Repmonv, Mrs. Henry S., Rerp, Joun,
Reip, Mrs. Ocpen Mitts, Remmer, Orro EUGENE, REIN CEE, EE, Ac; Rrinuarpr, Greorce N., Remsen, CHartes, Rrynoups, E. B.,
tHETT, Miss Firorunce, RHINELANDER, Cuartes E., RHINELANDER, FREDERIC W., RHINELANDER, Putt, Ruoapves, Mrs. Joun H., tice, Miss Mixtprep G., Rice, Mrs. Wit1i1aM B., Ricuarp, Epwin A.,, Ricrarp, Miss Ervine, Ricuarps, E. O., LICHARDS, EBEN, Ricuarpson, Mrs. C. Tirrrany, Ripper, Herman,
Iuces; Gro. (C.
*RIKER, SAMUEL,
Rirptry, H. Ditton, RipLtey, JuLiAN A,, tipLEY, Louis A.,
Rives, Georce L., Rogsprns, CHANDLER, icspBins, Mrs. HELen C., Rogerts, G. 'Vireopore, Roserts, Miss M. M., Ropertson, ALBER?, Rozsertson, Mrs. Fanny P., Rogertson, R. H., Roxprnson, Mrs. Dovuetas, Roxzinson, Epwarp, Rogsinson, Enz K., Rosinson, G. H., Roginson, Miss Pautine, Rogison, WiILiiam, Rockwoop, Wirti1am H.,
Ror, Franx O.,
Rog, Irvine L.,
Roe_Ker, ALFRED,
Rogers, E. L.,
Rocers, Mrs. FrRaNCIs, Rocers, Huserr E., Rocers, James H.,,
tocEers, Mrs. Witriam BeEveRLeEy, RoxENBAUGH, Henry S., RoosEvELT, Mrs, JAMES, RoosEvELT, W. EMLEN, Roor, Exiiye,
Rossrrer, Arriur W., Kory, Freperick G. R., NOME) le olires
RorHwe.u, JAMEs E., Row Lanp, T10Mas, Runyon, Carman R., LUNYON, mk. W,,
Ruperti, Justus;
LUPPERT, JACOB,
Rupprerr, Mrs. Jaco, RusseLtt, ArcuiBpatp D., Rtussett, Dr. Joun F., RUTHVEN, ALEXANDER G., Ryan, J. Di,
Rye, ARTHUR,
Rye, GRAHAM,
Sacxetrr, Miss Gerrruve T., Sacre, Joun H.,, Sampson, Cuartes E., Sanvs, Miss ANNE A., Sanps, Mrs. B. Aymar, Sanps, BenzaMIN AyManr, Sancer, Mrs. Rarpn, SaTrerLeEE, Mrs. H. L., Sauter, Jr., FRep, Sauter, FREDERICK, Scuaar, Hermann, ScuarEFer, ANDREAS F., ScHAEFER, Epwarp C., ScuHarEFer, Henry, ScuHanck, GeorcE E., Somaurs Cy dies ScHAUFFLER, Dr. A. F., ScuauFFLer, Mrs. A. F., ScHEFER, Cart, ScuieEFFeLIN, Mrs. H. M., , ScHIEFFELIN, WILLIAM JAY, Scuirmer, Rupoiten E., ScuHMELZEL, Miss Jane F.., Scumipt, Apvoteu T., Scumipt, F. Lrorotrp, Scumipt, Witi1am H., ScHNABEL, R. A, SCHNIEWIND, F.,
Scorn, A. EL,
Scurac, CHartes A.,,
* Deceased.
30 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
ScuHREIBER, Louts, *SCHREYVOGEL, CHARLES, Scuuttze, Frep, Scuuyter, Miss Louisa LEE, Scuwarcz, Max M., Scuwarz, Henry F., Scorietp, Miss Marton, Scorr, Donatp,
Scorr, Hon. Francis M., Scorr, Franx H.,
Scorr, WiLL1aAM,
Scovitte, Mrs. Joun H., ScovitLe, Roserrt, Scripner, Arruur H., Scripner, Mrs. Cuartes, ScryMsErR, James A.,, SepewicK, Rosgert,
Srr, A. B.,
SELIGMAN, ALFRED L., SELIGMAN, JEFFERSON, Senrr, Mrs. Cuarues H., Seton, ALFRED,
SexTon, Lawrence E., SEYBEL, Danie. E., Sapiro, D.,
Suarpiow, Mrs. Josern, Suaw, Louis AGassiz, SuHeets, Dr. E. A., SHEFFIELD, JAMES R., SHEFFIELD, Mrs. James R., Suetpon, Mrs. CuHar es, SHELDON, Epwarp W., SHELDON, GreorceE R., Suetpon, Witriam C., SHOEMAKER, Henry W., SuurtLerr, Rosweitt Morse, Siptey, Mrs. H. W., Sicxies, Maz.-Gen. Daniet E., SIEGEL, JACOB.
Sitteck, Jr., Henry G., SILLEcK, Jr., Mrs. Henry G., SILLIMAN, Harper,
Simon, THeovor A., Simons, Miss Cornexia N., Simpson, JOHN W., Sinciatr, Mrs. Jonn, SINGER, ARTHUR J., Sxeet, Dr. Franx D., Sxipmore, Wir11aM L.., Suave, Francis Louvuts, Stauciter, R. B., Stocum, vu. J.,
Smipr, Mrs. G. L., SMILEY, DANIEL,
SMILLIE, Cuartes F., SMILE, James C.,
Smituiz, Rateny,
Smiru, Dr. A. ALEXANDER, SmirH, AUGUSTINE J., Smitu, Mrs. Cuas. S., SmirH, Erskine M., Smitu, Mrs. F. C. W., Smitu, Mrs. F. Horxinson, Smitu, F. M.,
*Smiru, NATHANIEL S., Smiru, Rosert K.,
Smiru, Rorann W., Smitu, Dr. SAMveEtL, *Smiru, Witrtr1am ALEXANDER, SmITHERS, CHARLES, Smiruers, F. S.,
Snow, E. G.,
Sottmann, E. G., Sorcuon, Mrs. Vicror SPALDING, KEITH,
Sparrow, Epwarp W., Spear, Jr., JAMES,
SrEeDDEN, Freperic O., *SPENCER, EDWARDS, Speyer, Mrs. James, SprtzNer, Georce W., Svorrorp, Mrs. J. L., Spracue, Mrs. Frank J., Spricc, JupGE CARROLL, Srrinc, Miss Anna R1IkKeER, Spurr, E. W.,
Sauiss, Dr. Epwarp H., SrarrorD, WitttAmM FREDERICK,
SrarrorD, Mrs. Witt1Am FREDERICK,
Sranpisu, Mytes, Stanton, JoHN R., Srarr, Louts Morris, Stearns, Louis, StTeBBINs, JAMES H., Strecker, Apam A., Srrece, Mrs. Cartes, Srremn, Mrs. ALexis W., STEINBECK, Epwarp, STEINMETZ, JOHN A., STEPHENS, OLIN J., Stetson, Rev. C. R., Srevens, ALEXANDER H., Stevens, Freperic W., , Stevens, RicHarp, Stevens, Mrs. Ricuarp, Stevens, Tueronosius F., STEWART, JAMES, Stewart, Mrs. Joun B.,
Srewart, Mrs. Percy Hamirton,
Stewart, Witt1aAmM R., Srittman, Mrs. C. C., STILLMAN, JAMEs A., Stimson, Dr. Danter M.,
* Deceased.
SEVENTEENTH
StockMANN, Miss Marte F. C., STOECKEL, Cart,
Stokes, H. B.,
Stone, Miss ANNIE,
Strout, Josernu S.,
Stow, Grorce G.,
StranceE, A. B.,
Straus, H. Grant, Strauss, Frederick, Srreat, JAMES,
STreEETER, Jr., D. D., Srronc, Jr., BENJAMIN, Strone, THeron G., Stroocx, Louis S.,
Sruart, Mrs. Matcoum, Srurces, Miss,
Sturces, Henry C., SuLLIVAN, Mrs. James, SUTPHEN, JOHN S., Swenson, Mrs. Enic P., Swenson, S. A.,
Taber, Miss Mary,
Tart, Henry W.,
Tac, ALBERT,
Tatcorr, JAMEs,
Tarmace, Mrs. KH. T. H., Tams, Mrs. J. Freperic, TatHam, CHARLES,
Tarun, A. H.,
TaytLor, GEORGE,
Taytor, Mrs. Henry Oszorn, Taytor, Henry R., Taytor, Herserr C., Taytor, James B.,
Taytor, Knox,
Taytor, Lioyn,
Taytor, Moses,
Taytor, STEVENSON, TenneEY, C. H.,
Terry, Joun T.,,
Terry, Jr., Mrs. Joun T., Tuacuer, ARCHIBALD G., TuHacuer, Mrs. Georce W., TuHacuer, THomas,
Tuaw, Bensgamin, Tuayer, Mrs. Ezra Riptey, Tuayer, Harry Bares, Tuomas, Dr. Arten M., Tuomas, Mrs. WasHrneron, THompson, Mrs. J. Topuunter, TuorneE, Mrs. Epwin, THORNE, JONATHAN, Tuorne, Mrs. JoNATHAN, TuHorNeE, Newserry D.,, Tuorne, Mrs. SAMUEL, TroRNE, W. V. S., TuorneE, Mrs. W. V. S.,
ANNUAL REPORT dl
*TuHorp, W. Epwin, TirFany, Louis C.,
Tittey, Grorce D.,
Titton, Josepm W.,
Timken, J. Henry, TIMMERMANN, Hewry G., ‘limpson, JAMES,
Top, J. KenNeEpDy,
Topp; Ets El;
Toter, Mrs. Virginia W.. Tomsy, BorGreort,
TonNELE, Mrs. Joun N., TousEY, WILLIAM, Townsenpb, Miss Amy C., Townsenn, Mrs. E. M., ‘COWNSEND, Epwin S., ‘TOWNSEND, Howanp, ‘TowNsEND, Isaac,
‘TOWNSEND, J. Henry, *TOWNSHEND, JOHN,
Tows, Cor Downine, ‘TrowsprinGe, Ireperic K., ‘TrRowsripce, Miss Loutse A., TucKERMAN, ALFRED, TucKERMAN, Paut, "TURNBULL, ARTHUR, ‘LurnBuLL, Mrs. Ramsay, ‘;.urNuRE, Mrs. Arruur, Turnure, Georce E., Tutte, Dr. G. M., Tweppett, Wittiam H., Tween, Mrs. Cuartes H., Twinine,, E. S.,
Unperwoop, Wititiam Lyman, Upmann, Cart,
VALENTINE, Mrs. Parricx A., VALENTINE, Dr. Witiiam A.,, Van Bevuren, Jr., Frepertcx T., Van Beuren, M. M.,
Van Cortitanpt, AvucGustus, VANDERBILT, ALFRED G., VANDERPOEL, Mrs. JoHN A., VAN DER SMISSEN, Dr. G. J., Van Empuren, D. B.,
Van Incen, Mrs. E. H., Van Incen, Mrs. Epwarp, Van Nostranp, B. T.,
Van SINDEREN, Howarp, Van WINKLE, Encar B., Varcore, Harorp,
Vietor, ADOLPH,
Vietor, THomas F., VINCENT, FRANK,
Vocet, Herman, VONDERMUHL, ALFRED,
von Gonvarp, Mrs. ALEXANDER, Von LENGERKE, JUSTUS,
* Deceased.
32 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
W ADDINGTON, GEORGE, WacstarFr, C. DuBois, *Warnwricut, J. Howarp, W ALBURN, JOSEPH, Watcorr, Freperic C., Watpon, 8. D.,
Wares, Epwarp H., Water, Jr., RoBert, Water, Jr. Mrs. Roserr, WatsH, SAMUEL A., Water. Enear,
WaLtTeR, Martin,
W ANNINGER, CHARLES, Warsourc, Paut M.. Warp, ARTEMAS,
Warp, Mrs. GeorGe Capor, *Warp, Henry C.,, WarpNER, Henry STEELE, WARDWELL, ALLEN, Warner, W. E., Warren, wirs. J. Hosarrt, Warren, Luoyn, WATERBURY, Miss, WATERBURY. JOHN L., Watson, CuHartes F., Watson, Rev. J. Henry, *WEATHERBEE, Enywin Ha, Wess, [F’. Ecerron, Wess, Mrs. WiLLiam SEWARD, WEBER, CHARLES,
*Weser, Dr. LEoNaArRD, WEEKS, JAMES,
Were, Mrs. C. Gouverneur, WELLS, OLIvER J., WENDELL, Evert JANSEN, WENDELL, Mrs. Jacopn, Werner, C. H., WertrHerm, H. P., Wesrover, M. F., Wermore, EpmMunp, WHEELER, Everett P., WueeLer, WALTER S., Wueetock, Mrs. G. G., Waitt, A. M.,
Wuire, Harorp T., Waite, Horace,
Wuite, Jr., JOHN JAY, Wuirer, Leonarp D., Wuitenouse, J. Henry, Wurrenouse, Witiiam F., Wuitinc, Dr. Cuartes A,, Wuittnc, Miss Gerrrune, Wauittock, Mrs. Harry H.,
W HITMAN, CLARENCE, WHirman, Jr., WILLIAM, Wuirrince, F. W., WickErRSHAM, GerorGE W., Wankrs, E> i.
Wit1ets, Joun T., Witirams, Davin,
Witttams, Mrs. G. G., Wirtiams, Gerorce L., Wititiams, Mrs. Percy H., Witiiams, R. H..
Witiiams, Jr., Ricwarp H,, Witiiams, THomas, Witirams, Warpron, Wittiams, WILtLtam, Witiramson, Mrs. Butter, Witts, CHarres T.,
Witson, Prov. Evaunp B., Witson, Georce T., WiInant, FREDERICK, WiIncKELBACH, L. O., WintTerRRoTH, Mas. E. J., Winturop, Ecertron L., WintHRopP, Jr., Ecerton L., WintnHrop, Jr., Mrs. EGerton *Winturorv, Rozvert Duptey, WIsNER, CHARLES, WITHERBEE, FRANK S., Wirrnaus, Dr. RuvorpeH A., Wor, Arruur D.,
Wotrr, Emit,
Woop, ARNOLD,
Woop, Ginpert Concpon, Woop, J. WALTER,
Woop, Mrs. Jonn D., Woop, Wititiamat’ ConGcpon,
Vv oopiuo0useE, J. S., Wooprvurr, Arrert C., Woopwarp, Roserr B., Woopwarp, Sr., Mrs. Wittram, Worcester, WiLrrepd J., Worrart,- PP. B:,
Wricut, J. DuNBar, Wricur, Jounn Howarp, Wunoeriicn, H.,
Wycxorr, Dr. Perrr Brown, Yorkwitz, ALBERT,
Youne, A. Murray,
Younc, Georce W., ZABRISKIE, ANbDREW C., ZINSSER, AUGUST,
Zinsser, Mrs. Avcusr, ZINSSER, JR., AUGUST,
Corresponding Members
GitFeppER, T. P., Jouwnston, Str Harry H.,
Le Sover, H. W. Duptey, Sturtevant, Lieut. C. G.,
* Deceased.
[bre
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 33
Summary of Membership
Benefactors . eee ff Founders in Perpetuity | 16 Founders= 222.2... Cee A ee et eS Oa 19 ANSSoclate: Mounders: 23... at! 8 Patrons: 2... oe, eens PEO. a ee, ee ne, fe 38 Life Members .................... En eR eee 242 AmmUa les Wiembers face > We en Fett eo te ee 1,598 Honorary and Corresponding Members _. eae 14
1,942
Oualifications for Regular Membership Annual Members ....$ 10 Associate Founders. $2,500
Life Members.................... 200: “Founders 22, B000 Patrons 2. See 1,000 Founders in Perpetuity... 10,000 Benefactors. 24.22 = ..$25,000
Form of Geyuest
I do hereby give and bequeath to the “NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL
SOCIETY,” of the City of New York, ..............
AMVIAV FHHUNLINA GNV WIDVH
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS.
HE Executive Committee respectfully submit the following
report to the Board of Managers for the year 1912:
It is the sad duty of the Committee to announce the death of Mr. Hugh J. Chisholm, a member of the Board of Managers, on July 8th, 1912. Mr. Chisholm was one of the earliest of our Managers to give his interest and sympathy to the Society. He became a Patron on December 13, 1899; a Founder on January 4, 1912, a member of the Board of Managers on January 9, 1900, and remained an active and interested mem- ber until his death. The Executive Committee adopted a resolu- tion which will appear at the end of this report.
MEMBERSHIP.
The membership of the Society on January 1, 1913, shows a slight increase during the year, and is as follows:
TOME A CUORS he Me ee ee *. 7 Hounders: im Perpetuity: ...2.50.0 8 ees 16 Rounders: =. a Sa i etn Be ges nt 19 INSSOCIALC HH OUNCELS, fe... ete! are Ae Bo 8 Patrons 2... ee ee ne ee ee 38 kakee Members)... .e Sol LAS, , Oh. De eae ee aie Rm 242 NaN NVC TIADCRS 2. as See eke 1,598 Honorary and Corresponding Members... 14
MotalyeiGiAe ee a REL eA ee = Ee o42
otal, WOU tee ee ee Pee See G OZ
The increase is larger than would appear from the above, owing to the fact that the actual number was depleted by the dropping of 57 annual members, who were heavily in arrears and have been carried on the books for several years.
During the coming year our active campaign for members will be renewed, and with the assistance of the Ladies Auxiliary it is hoped that substantial additions to our membership can be made. Ina great city of this size there must be public spirited citizens who will appreciate the advantages accruing to mem- bership, especially in connection with the new Administration
36 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Building, which has greatly added to the comfort of members visiting the Park.
We deeply regret to report that we have lost through death during the year, forty-six of our Annual Members and the fol- lowing Life Members: Frank S. Bond, Peter Doelger, George Egleston Dodge, Ben-Ali H. Lounsbery and Edward Russ.
ATTENDANCE, PARK AND AQUARIUM.
The attendance at the Aquarium for the year 1912 was 2,144,355, an increase of 132,811 over the year 1911. The at- tendance at the Park for the year 1912 was 1,708,455, an increase of 226,550 over the year 1911. This increase in the attendance for the year 1912 is almost 100,000 in excess of any previous figures.
The attendance at these two institutions, taken together, shows that the cost to the City of New York for maintenance, is at the rate of about 6 cents per person.
ENDOW MENT FUND.
On January 1, 1912, the Endowment Fund amounted to $284,862, and during the year the following subscriptions were received:
Wd wand ou HlankQessr i. tik ere a eee $5,000 Estate of Edward Russ, deceased ewes 5,000 iaitesMembersiip tees) 2a) 2 ee ees 2,800
The total endowment on December 31, 1912, amounted to $297,662.
This fund has been invested by the Treasurer at a net rate of income of 4.487%. A list of the securities is set forth in detail in the report of the Treasurer.
During the year 1912 the sum of $30,386.33 has been invested by the Treasurer in the following bonds:
$20,000 Milwaukee, Sparta & Northwestern, first mortgage
4% bonds. 12,000 Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound, 4% first mort- gage bonds. 1,000 N. Y. L. & W. Terminal 4% bonds— leaving a small balance uninvested of $1,226.52.
During the year 1913 your Committee intend to make an effort to increase this fund to half a million, so as to provide additional income for the general purposes of the Society, which is now, and always has been, the weak point in its finances.
This year is the last during which the Sustaining Member- ships are available, and as this has netted us $3,000 yearly dur-
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT om
ing the last four years, its loss will be greatly felt by the Income Account, unless additional interest is available from the En- dowment Fund.
There are one or two bequests which will become available during the year, notably one from the estate of the late Henry Iden, in the amount of $10,000, as well as possibly an addi- tional $5,000 from the estate of the late Edward Russ.
It is hoped that the members of the Society will do what they can to secure subscriptions or bequests to the Endowment Fund. The total amount of our endowment remains ridicu- lously small for a Society with such heavy burdens as the New York Zoological Society, and the efficiency of the Society in matters of general conservation of wild life would be greatly enhanced if it had available a substantial sum for such objects.
ACCOUNTS.
On January Ist, 1912, the various balances to the credit of the Society in the Farmers’ Loan and Trust Company were consolidated into a single uniform account, which greatly sim- plified the bookkeeping system. This new arrangement has worked very satisfactorily during the year.
The accounts for 1912 are being audited by Messrs. Mar- wick, Mitchell, Peat and Company, whose printed report will be attached hereto, immediately following the report of the Treasurer.
The Privilege Accounts have also been thoroughly audited and found correct in every respect.
All the accounts of the Society close the year with credit balances, with the exception of the fund for the National Col- lection of Heads and Horns, which has been overdrawn. The balances are as follows:
Endowment Fund: 2.20.5 2020..2 Pe eet On nak Sue PILZZ6.52
Plo aaVe UNG 2 eee ea ee SS te 320.69
Caroline Phelps Stokes’ Bird Fund..........000000000000000.......... 116.69
Income: Account 0 $7,394.59
Endowment Fund Income Account... 3,806.07 ee ile O0l66
Overdraft: National Coliection of Heads and Horns... $241.00
Income Account.—The balance to the credit of this fund on January 1, 1912 (less invested funds and advance payments
38 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
of Sustaining Membership for 1913) amounted to $10,356.77, made up as follows:
ImcomesAccount balance. $ 3,529.83 Endowment Fund Income Account available for transfer to this account... 6,826.94 7
The receipts during 1912 were as follows: Advance payments, Sustaining Mem-
| Yenc cH oe 00 be2A Sena meme oS ee epee ee $600.00 Income from Annual Members 15,450.00 Miscellaneoussrecelpts = = a 1,788.80 Sustaining Memberships (not includ-
IN? AGVANCE DPAyMENUS) he 2,240.00
Sale of bond in accordance with pro- Visions Of ¢eitt trom. Mr. John PD: Rockefeller: ts as, eee eee ae 990.00 Income from the Endowment Fund dur- ing the year, placed to the credit of the Endowment Fund Income Ac- count, but available for transfer to
this; account = WEE Dian REO SS tn CAR OE c7 1247913 33,041.08 43,904.70 The disbursements during 1912 were... ee ee: $10,600.66 Leaving a cash balance on hand December 31, 1912, of $10,600.66, to which should be added advance payments of Sustaining Membership for 1913, $600, making a total balance of $11,200.66, made up as follows: Imcome Accountebalance: 20 e-erce = eee $ 7,894:59 Endowment Fund Income Account balance available for transfer to this account... 3,806.07 $11,200.66
Endowment Fund Income Account.—The Endowment Fund Income Account showed a balance of $6,826.94 on January Ist, 1912. During the year the net income from the Endowment Fund amounted to $12,479.13. $15,500 have been transferred, during the year, from this fund to the regular Income Account of the Society. This is in accordance with the purpose of this
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 39
fund, it being created merely to distinguish income from the Endowment Fund from the income from dues and other sources. This fund is available at all times for transfer to the regular Income Account, and for use in the general work of the Society.
The balance on December 31, 1912, amounted to $3,866.07.
Stokes’ Bird Fund.—The Stokes’ Bird Fund on January 1, 1912, had a cash balance of $209.88, and during the year there was received income from the Endowment Fund furnished by the late Miss Caroline Phelps Stokes, in the amount of $206.81. The sum of $300 was expended during the year for the protec- tion of wild life, chiefly in the necessary expenses connected with the promoting of the passage of the bill affording Federal protection to migratory birds now before Congress. The bal- ance on December 31, 1912, amounted to $116.69.
Library Fund.—The balance to the credit of this fund on January 1, 1912, amounted to $1,081.61. During the year the only credits have been a special subscription of $250 from Mr. Jacob H. Schiff and $20.63 as interest. The charges against this fund, however, amount to $1,031.55, leaving a balance on December 31, 1912, of $320.69.
This fund needs immediate attention, the lack of funds being a serious drawback to the increase of the library to a size sufficient for the needs of scientific work in connection with our collections.
National Collection of Heads and Horns.—The fund for the National Collection of Heads and Horns opened the year 1912 with a balance of $27.64. To this, during the year, has been added the sum of $183.30, being a special subscription of $100 from Mr. Jacob H. Schiff, interest, and subscriptions from the small list of annual contributors. The charges against this fund, however, aggregate $451.94, leaving a net overdraft of $241 at the close of the year. This is the only fund of the Society which shows an overdraft.
Animal Fund.—The receipts for the Animal Fund during the year have been as follows:
Received from Special Subscriptions ide eS O00 Received from Sales of Animals... 1,280.00 Received: trom, Park Privileges... 11,923.90 Balance January 1, 1912, (including cash inshnandstoOfiehieh. Clerks) ] 2.2 20 a2 32,945.34
Motalerecenpusngs sews She gare ole acs ee $46,299.24
40) NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Expended for animals during 1912:
BUGS 5 ee ee ee ee Ee aO Mammals . ae Ps _ 21,388.86 Reptiles... 1,388.80 Insects. = a en 249.67
Ota 2 = eh Cee $30,499.61
Express and other charges 1,278.58 Travelling and other ex- PENISES, 3.52 es ee 2,810.89
$54,588.58
Balance, December si, 1012 = $11,710.66
Aquarium Privilege Fund.—The balance to the credit of this account on January Ist, 1912, was $936.68.
During the year $1,380.50 were received from the sale of publications, etc., and $765.11 expended, leaving a net balance on hand of $1,552.07 on December 31, 1912.
Maintenance of the Park.—The money supplied by the City for the maintenance of the Park during 1912, viz.— $182,365—has caused the officers of the Society much concern during the year. This matter becomes more and more serious each year with the increasing cost of supplies. During the summer there was a deficit of $1,000, but by unceasing economy and strenuous efforts this deficit has been marked off, and the year 1912 will close without an appeal to the City authorities for additional maintenance to meet our bills.
Maintenance has been provided for the year 1913 in the amount of $191,925—an increase of $9,560 over the year 1912, which is very satisfactory. The increased cost of supplies, however, will make it necessary to conduct the affairs of the Park on the usual economic basis.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, and the American Mu- seum of Natural History each receive from the City the sum of $200,000 for annual maintenance, and it is hoped that in the immediate future this amount may be appropriated by the City for the maintenance of the Park. Your committee con- sider that the Society is entitled to this full amount because in addition to the feeding, guarding and sheltering of its huge collections, it has the care and development of 200 and more acres of Park land.
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT Al
Maintenance of Aquarium.—The maintenance supplied by the City for the Aquarium during the year 1912 proved ade- quate, and the year will close without a deficit.
For the year 1913, however, the City authorities have re- duced the maintenance fund to $47,345.50. With care this fund can no doubt be made to last throughout the year.
Aquarium Improvement Fund.—On December 31, 1912, a balance of $344.50 remained to the credit of the Aquarium Improvement Fund. This balance is the same as that carried forward last year, no charge having been made against the fund during the year.
Ground Improvement Fund.—On January lst, 1912, there was a balance of $157,991.60 to the credit of the Ground Im- provement Fund, being the balances of the funds appropriated by the City in 1910 and in 1911. On December 31, 1912, the bal- ances to the credit of these two funds were as follows:
APPROPRIATION, 1910. Orig. Approp. Balance. Fund for Yak Shelter, Orig. Approp. ee $2,333.00 Transferred from Zebra HoOuseH UNG ees oan 5,183:96. $7,521096 $2528.62 APPROPRIATION, 1911. Orig. Approp. Balance.
Zebra House Yards ............ renee ee eae $15,000.00 $7,200.00 Public: Service Building: 2:22 es 30,000.00 477.70 Power Plant. Work shop, etc... 35,000.00 DOTO.25 Winter House for Pelicans and other
| ON G0 Us ae tec reece Pee eect cae 5,000.00
Miscellaneous, including planting, fenc-
ing, yards, small installations, etce.,
etc., and other permanent improve-
VLOG) ASEAN see ink eR, Cee Rae ee On ne ain 35,000.00 12,875-61 Development of Park east of Bronx
River, including one Public Service
Pavilion, planting, walks, paths, etc.,
etc., and other permanent improve-
10 0CE) 11 SE? poePese om eet ou ashy ORE SA ee A 15,000.00 8,050.00 New Walks and reconstruction of ex-
Stine; swallkicn Mette tae ee ee A 15,000.00 a,001 12 Rocking Stone Restaurant extension... 5,000.00
$41,900.68
42 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Total balance to credit of two ap- PPFOPHIAVONS yas ee $44,429.30 Great economy in the expenditure of the above balances is required until such time as the City can supply additional funds for our use.
CORPORATE STOCK.
The original application for funds for ground improvement work in the Park, made during 1912, amounting to $195,000, has been amended several times by the City authorities until it has been reduced to about $40,000. Action is pending by the Board of Estimate and Apportionment. The present finan- cial condition of the City, however, renders it probable that no corporate stock will be issued for our use at this time. It is hoped that eventually a sufficient amount will be authorized to construct the much needed Quarantine and Hospital, as well as a fund for miscellaneous improvements. A Pheasant Flying Cage, and a tank for the Pygmy Hippopotami, are also depend- ent on this stock issue.
NEW AQUARIUM BUILDING.
This matter has proceeded slowly during the year, owing to the failure of the Board of Estimate and Apportionment to act on the application for corporate stock in addition to the $200,000 appropriated during 1911. The present condition of the finances of the City, however, renders it probable that this work will not be begun by the construction of one or both wings, and it may prove desirable to postpone the commence- ment of this great undertaking until such time as the City is in a position to provide sufficient funds to construct the entire building at one time, instead of in four sections as has hereto- fore been contemplated.
During the Summer borings were made for foundations and solid rock was found at a depth of thirty-five to forty feet, thus proving that there will be no serious difficulty in the con- struction of foundations for this structure.
A large model of this building has been prepared and is open to the inspection of the members of the Society at the American Museum of Natural History.
The plans have been formally approved by the Commis- sioner of Parks, Mr. Charles B. Stover, and by the Landscape Architect, Mr. Charles Downing Lay.
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 43
CONSTRUCTION.
Zebra House and Yards.—The Zebra House and surrounda- ing yards are entirely finished and occupied.
Power Plant and Work Shops.—A contract for the construc- tion of a Power Plant and Work Shop in the Park was awarded by the Park Department on August 29th, in the amount of $23,895. The contractor is the A. V. Johnson Company. Work has been started and to date the foundations and the brick work for the first floor have been finished. It is hoped to be able to occupy same during the early part of 1913. This build- ing is absolutely necessary to adequately take care of the main- tenance work at the Park, and heretofore has been greatly missed.
Public Service Building.—A contract for the construction of a Public Service Building, to provide headquarters for the various branches of the Privilege Department at the Park, and also to provide machinery for manufacturing needs, was awarded by the Park Department on October 24, 1912, to J. F. Walsh & Bro., in the amount of $29,230. Work has been started and is proceeding rapidly.
Yak Shelter.—Plans have been prepared for the erection ot a Yak Shelter in the southeasterly portion of the Bison Range, providing for yaks and other animals which can live out of doors in winter, so that visitors arriving through the Boston Road entrance will observe living animals immediately on entering the Park. The plans have been approved by the So- ciety, and are at present in the hands of the Municipal Art Commission.
The fund originally provided by the City for the erection of this building, in connection with the new bear dens, ete., proved insufficient; but this matter has been satisfactorily ar- ranged by the transfer of a balance of $5,188.96, standing to the credit of the Zebra House, and not needed for that purpose.
As soon as the plans are approved by the Municipal Art Commission work will be started at once.
Rocking Stone Restaurant.—A contract for extensions to the Rocking Stone Restaurant, which will increase the size of the dining rooms, kitchen and pantry, was awarded on August 29, 1912, to Joseph Balaban, in the amount of $3,900. Work was started in September and is now practically complete. The increasing demands of the public will be served by the new accommodation.
44 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Winter House for Pelicans and other Birds.—A contract for the erection of this building was awarded to Joseph E. Dodds on May 2, 1912, in the amount of $3,950. This building is needed for the storage of pelicans and large tropical water birds during the cold weather. The work is complete and the building is now in use.
Shelter Pavilion.—Plans are in course of preparation for the erection of a Shelter Pavilion to the east of the Bronx River, to provide shelter for visitors to that portion of the Park.
Elephant House Roof.—Great injury was done during the winter of 1911 by the imperfect construction of the roof of the Elephant House, for which the contractor and his bondsman are being held responsible. Meanwhile an issue of special rev- enue bonds has been secured from the Board of Aldermen, and a contract let for the repairs to this roof to the Keepsdry Con- struction Company, in the amount of $6,000.
Eagle and Vulture Aviary.—This building has been com- pleted, and is now filled with a splendid collection of these birds.
IMPORTANT GIFTS.
During the year a number of valuable gifts have been re- ceived, the most important of which are four young Hooded Seals, presented by Mr. Harry Whitney and Captain Robert Bartlett, captured by them in Arctic waters; and a young male silver-tipped Grizzly Bear from the Rocky Mountains of Alberta, presented by Mr. N. K. Luxton, of Banff. Other gifts were: Polar Bear, by Mr. S. Osgood Pell; Ocelot, by Mr. L. C. Good; Indian Jackal, by Mr. W. H. Stather; Striped Tailed Fox, by Mr. R. H. Millward; and 2 South American Condors, by Mr. A. W. Yount.
Mr. Emerson McMillin has also presented a large oil paint- ing of Rocky Mountain Sheep, by Carl Rungius, entitled, ‘“‘The Mountaineers,” which has temporarily been hung in the East Gallery of the Administration Building.
ANIMALS
The most important purchase during the year has been that of three Pygmy Hippopotami, which are of extraordinary interest, being the first living specimens of this almost unknown species ever placed on exhibition. They are at present in the Elephant House and are thriving.
Additional important purchases during the year have been as follows: 2 Tasmanian Devils, 1 Tasmanian Wolf, 2 Bengal Tigers, 1 Hamadryas Baboon, 1 Cheetah, 9 Beavers, a collection
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 45
of Monkeys and Lemurs, 3 Prong-Horned Antelope, 1 Murine Opossum, 2 Pandas, 12 Prevost Squirrels, 1 Brazil Porcupine, 1 Kadiak Bear, 4 Rocky Mountain Goats, 2 Rocky Mountain Sheep, 5 Sea Lions, 1 Spring Buck and 2 Bush Bucks.
A wonderfully choice collection of 119 rare and beautiful foreign birds has also been purchased, representing 69 species, of which 40 are new to the Zoological Park. This collection was formed by the Assistant Curator of Birds, Mr. Lee 8. Crandall, during a special tour of England and northern Europe, in quest of rarities with which to enrich our collection.
The reptile collection has also been strengthened by a col- lecting trip in New York State. Over 150 specimens of snakes were collected, representing nine species.
A census of the animals in the Zoological Park shows the following figures in the number of species and specimens:
Mammals Species Specimens Miamnniell sos a5 en ee ee 210 689 Bind stipes een ee ae 903 3.03 Reptiles and Amphibians... 135 1,100
otal) Janes ele 1,248 4,827
AACE ieeege SPS) WP aiee a eA eer eee Zou 4,838
During the year there have been 52 births, the more im- portant of which were: 4 Buffaloes, 1 Malay Sambar Deer, 2 Axis Deer, 2 Sika Deer, 2 Hog Deer, 1 Aoudad, 1 Congo Sita- tunga, 2 Syrian Bear, 2 Elk, 1 Tahr, 1 Virginia Whitetailed Deer, 1 Axis Deer, 4 Raccoons, 1 Mongolian Wild Horse, 1 Malay Sambar Deer.
GORILLA EXPEDITION.
The Executive Committee has authorized an expedition to West Africa to secure living gorillas for exhibition at the Park. The expedition started from New York on November 15th, and is in charge of Mr. R. L. Garner of Philadelphia. During 1911 Mr. Garner was successful in obtaining in equatorial West Africa, a female gorilla between two and three years of age. When it arrived in New York it was quite exhausted by two severe sea voyages and only lived about two weeks. On this trip, however, it is the intention of Mr. Garner to keep the animals secured, in captivity for some time, before attempt- ing their transportation, so that they will become accustomed to the food and the confinement of captivity, and then to bring them directly to New York by a single sea voyage.
46 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
AQUARIUM The collections at the Aquarium are in excellent condition at the present time. A census cf the exhibits is as follows: Species Specimens
Fishes athe ie rae 113 3,679 Reptiles RE ea rie ete 24 134 Amphibia... 2 as 5 24 Invertebrates fern a 216 1593571 Mammals SE eee Rote 1 il
Motaledian lO 3 eee ee. 169 5,398
IMPORTATION OF ANIMALS PROHIBITED.
On account of the prevalence among hoofed animals of the foot-and-mouth disease in Germany and Europe generally, surra in Asia, and rinderpest in some portions of Africa, the United States Department of Agriculture has issued a sweep- ing prohibition against the importation of any ruminants from the Old World. Were it not that at present our collections of foreign deer, antelopes, gazelles, wild sheep, goats and wild equines are quite well stocked, this prohibition would indeed be a very serious matter for us. We have been compelled to cancel a large order for a number of particularly rare and interesting foreign hoofed animals from Africa that we ex- pected to import in 1913.
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.
The general health of the animals during the past year has been excellent. We have been especially fortunate in that no epidemics or serious infectious diseases have occurred among the collections during the year. The death rate is lower than for a number of years, and few important animals have been lost. The health of the Primates collection as a whole has greatly improved during the year. The same is true of the Small Mammals collection, which group of animals is perhaps the most difficult to keep in good condition.
NATIONAL COLLECTION OF HEADS AND HORNS.
On December 20, 1906, by a formal resolution of the Execu- tive Committee, the National Collection of Heads and Horns was established in the Zoological Park, and Dr. William T. Hornaday presented to the Society, as a nucleus for the proposed collection, his private collection of 131 heads, representing 108 species.
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT AT
Since that time the collection has greatly increased in numbers and in value, and now totals 798. The fund used for the increase of this collection was depleted during the year, and many opportunities to secure valuable additions to this collection were consequently lost. Until aid is received from some outside source, no great strides can be made in the fur- ther enlargement of this collection.
The most noteworthy gifts to this collection during the year were a mounted head of wide-horned White Sheep from Yukon Territory, Alaska, presented by Mr. Frederic C. Osborn ; a worid record mounted head of Osborn Caribou, presented by Mr. F. C. Havemeyer, from the White River Country, Western Yukon Territory, Alaska; also a fine pair of antlers of Osborn Caribou, presented by Mr. Frank Callbreath, Telegraph Creek, British Columbia.
LIBRARY
No very substantial increases have been made to the Library during the year, owing to the small fund available for this purpose. Small purchases have been made from time to time during the year, but until this fund is increased the ques- tion of the acquisition of more zoological works cannot be taken up seriously.
The library at present consists of 2,501 volumes.
PUBLICATION DEPARTMENT.
During 1912 the Sixteenth Annual Report, six numbers of the Bulletin, and the following numbers of Zoologica were issued: No. 8, “The Northern Elephant Seal,’’ by Dr. Charles H. Townsend; No. 9, “Some Common Affections of the Respira- tory and Digestive Organs Among Primates,” by Dr. W. Reid Blair; No. 10, ‘“‘“New Blood Pheasants,” by Mr. C. William Beebe; No. 11, “Feeding Habits of Serpents,’ by Mr. R. L. Ditmars.
Copies of Zoologica as issued are forwarded to members upon request.
PHEASANT MONOGRAPH.
Mr. C. William Beebe has returned from a thorough study of the material in the British Museum and elsewhere, in Eng- land and the Continent, for use in his Monograph on Pheasants, the preparation of which, and its illustration, is progressing rapidly.
48 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
A contract has been entered into with Witherby & Com- pany, publishers, London, for the publication of this important work.
This publication will consist of four volumes quarto size, about 130 pages each, with a total of about 170 plates, of which 90 will be colored plates. The issue is limited to 600 copies and will be sold by subscription at $250. No expense has been spared in the preparation of the illustrations and the text, and the monograph, when finished, will be worthy of a place beside the finest works that have appeared on the birds of the world.
FORESTRY DEPARTMENT, AND NEW CONSTRUCTION.
The work of this department is continually increasing, and during 1912 the usual care of the grounds, trees, shrubs and other plants, as well as the upkeep of walks, fences, cages, buildings, drainage, water and sewage systems, were taken in charge. In addition to this the regulating of picnic crowds and the policing of the Park has proved an important branch of the work of this department. During the year about 4,000 pic- nickers were taken care of. The usual work was maintained in the prevention of infection of trees, prevention of fire, usual breeding of poultry, the repairing of existing buildings and installations, rearrangement of planting in Bird Valley, small permanent installations, including eight show cages and four- teen breeding cages; raising bottom of Sea Lion Pool three feet, to facilitate cleaning and to save water; a great amount of grading and resurfacing of roads and walks with tar- macadam; cleaning and repaving with broken stone of bottom of Beaver Pond; also a great deal of draining, filling and grad- ing work on the east side of the river in regions which have never been touched before.
BRONX RIVER PARKWAY.
One of the most important events in the history of the Society has been the authorization by the Board of Estimate and Apportionment on July 15, 1912, of the Bronx River Park- way. This plan is in charge of a State Commission of which the Chairman of this Committee, Mr. Madison Grant, is presi- dent, and of which Mr. William W. Niles is also a member. The third commissioner is Mr. James G. Cannon, President of the Fourth National Bank. The entire erosion valley of the Bronx River, from the north end of Bronx Park to Kensico Reservoir, is to be turned into a park, and the waters of the
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 49
Bronx protected from pollution. This secures for all time the water supply of Bronx Park.
On November 28, 1912, Governor John A. Dix reappointed Mr. Grant as a member of the Commission for a period of five years from July 25, 1912, leaving the personnel of the Com- mission unchanged.
GAME PROTECTION.
During the campaign for the protection of wild life in 1912, the influence of the Society has been strongly exerted in New Jersey, Massachusetts, Louisiana and Montana, and several im- portant victories have been won. Your committee feel that the importance of this work can hardly be over-estimated, but the Society is without adequate funds for its proper prose- cution.
Your committee has also assumed the expense of the publi- cation and distribution of a book written by Dr. William T. Hornaday, Director of the Zoological Park, entitled, “Our Van- ishing Wild Life.” This book contains above four hundred pages, and deals, by means of statistics and pictures, with the former abundance, present number and the means of preserv- ing our existing wild mammals and birds. Tne initial cost is $8,500. It is intended to print about ten thousand copies and distribute them free to all members of the !ederal Congress and the legislatures of each state, as well as zame commissions and other officers interested in the preservation of wild life. Your committee is endeavoring to secure contributions to assist in the publication and distribution of this very important document. A generous subscription of $1,000 has been received from Mrs. Russell Sage for this purpose, and many others are needed to assist in this work, which has been a labor of love on the part of Dr. Hornaday.
Largely through the influence of Dr. Hornaday, the matter of purchasing the whole of Marsh Island, Louisiana, and estab- lishing it as a game sanctuary, was properly brought to the attention of Mrs. Russell Sage, with the result that she supplied the entire amount necessary for the purchase of that island, viz., $150,000. The island has 65 miles of coast line, and a total area of 75,000 acres.
A special subscription of $300 has been received from Miss Serena Rhinelander for use in the preservation of bird life, which is being expended in aid of the bill for the Federal pro- tection of migratory birds now before Congress.
50 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
The Society has also presented to the American Bison So- ciety a nucleus herd of ten American Bison for the new national bison range in southwestern South Dakota, in Wind Cave Na- tional Park, delivery to be made as soon as the area has been properly fenced.
BOARD OF MANAGERS.
The Eighteenth Annual Meeting of the Society was held at the Hotel Waldorf-Astoria on January 9, 1912, and was attended by a total of 690. At this meeting the following Man- agers were elected to the Class of 1915:
Levi P. Morton Henry A. C. Taylor Andrew Carnegie Hugh J. Chisholm
John L. Cadwalader Frank K. Sturgis Madison Grant George J. Gould
William White Niles Ogden Mills
Samuel Thorne Lewis Rutherfurd Morris
On December 5th, 1912, your committee, under authority conferred by the By-Laws, elected Mr. Archer M. Huntington to the Board of Managers, Class of 1915, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Mr. Hugh J. Chisholm.
The Third Annual Dinner of the Board of Managers was given by Mr. Percy R. Pyne, on Thursday, February 22, 1912.
The Spring Meeting of the Board of Managers was held at the Administration Building in the Park, on Monday, May 20th, 1912. Informal reports were made by the Chairman of the Executive Committee and the Directors of the Park and Aquarium.
Upon the invitation of Mr. Frank K. Sturgis, the Fourth Annual Dinner will be held at his residence, on Wednesday, February 19, 1913.
RECEPTIONS.
The Ladies’ Auxiliary held a reception at the Park on May 13, 1912, arousing great interest in the work of the So- ciety and the Park. Folders have also been sent out by the Ladies Auxiliary, and many new members have been secured.
On May 20, 1912, an informal reception was tendered the members of the Society at the Administration Building. Many members were present, and an enjoyable time was had by all.
On June 6, 1912, an informal reception was tendered to a selected list of sportsmen interested in the work of the So- ciety. Refreshments were served, and the collection of heads and horns inspected.
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 51
The following is a calendar of events for the year 1913: Meetings, Board of Managers: Annual Meeting Annual Dinner January 21, 1913. February 19, 1913. Park Meeting May 19, 1913.
Meetings, Executive Committee
January 2, 19138 May 1, 1913 February 6, 19138 June 5, 1913 March 6, 1913 October 2, 1913 April 3, 1913 November 6, 1913
December 4, 1913.
Annual Meeting of Society January 14, 1913.
Ladies’ Day Members’ Day
May 8, 1918. May 19, 1918. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.
The relations with all departments and officials of the City’s government, and especially with the Park Department, have continued to be most cordial, and the Committee is greatly indebted to these officials, as well as the members of the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, for their support and co-opera- tion during the past year.
The directors of the Park and the Aquarium, and their respective staffs, have been most zealous and energetic in the performance of their duties, and the Society enters upon this new year with the assurance of an ever-increasing sphere of activity and usefulness.
All of which is respectfully submitted,
MADISON GRANT, Chairman.
PERCY KR. PYNE, WM. PIERSON HAMILTON, SAMUEL THORNE, FRANK K. STURGIS, WILLIAM WHITE NILES, LISPENARD STEWART,
LEvI P. MORTON, HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN,
Ex-of ficio.
Resolution of the Executive Committee of the Board of Managers of the New York Zoological Sorivty passed Ortoher 8, 1912.
Mr. High J. Chisholm
who died_in the Citu of New Vork, July 8, 1912, mas elerted a Patron of the Society on December 13, 1299, and a Founder on January 4, 1912, also a member of the Board of Managers on January 9, 1900, and remain- ed a member until his death, Class of 1915.
Che Executive Committee of the Board of Managers of the Nem York Zoological Society learn with deep reoret of the death of Mr. Hugh J. Chisholm, a member of the Board of Managers since 1900.
From the time of the early development of the New York Zonlonical Park, when interest and support were most needed, Hr. Chisholm always displayed the keenest interest tn the great undertaking and readiness to assist in its Development in curry may. He attended all the meetings of the Board, and always expressed great pleas- ure in the progress of the work. is generosity and good will were a source of strength to the Executive Committee, and it is with a sincere sense of Loss that this entry is made upon the minutes.
Creasurer’'s Reports
For THE YEAR Enpinc DecemBer 31, 1912.
Sucome Account Schedule I. Unexpended Balance as at December 31st, 1911, Cash in Bank: Available for expenditure during 1912 ....... $3,529.83 Received from Sustaining Members in ad-
APN OVAS aoe Wale yee MGS racecars eee xs 600.00 Investments: New York, Lackawanna & Western ‘Termi- MEN L AGA. TBONIC LS pee INCOME FOR YEAR PANIC) GME) UG Shar eee en acne Seer ng ne, eter ieee neem Ur $15,450.00 Sustaining Membership... Lee eee ee tere 2,840.00 Special Subscriptions ..000000.. ee eee ES VOHNO Aquarium Publications, (Sales) piel imenae 17.60 Interest received Am ACCrUe icc ccccccccccccsccceeeeeseeeceeeees 504.53 Transfer from Endowment Fund Income FAN CO UT Cae ete can Ars SN a eee Je 15,500.00
EXPENDITURES FOR YEAR. Annual Report and_ separates | BAI KGET 1 eel es Peete ogee ce i ev eo Photographs and _ slides Mailing circulars LON aC et ce te Cost of distribution of publications . Petr ee TENDR]OKSVIUSLES aN CUM MNO es
VE) SS OEAMNSYEIS) OLE XLS) OO NS ec Treasurer’s office expenses
(GemMerall GUS Gan NT SS ee
Salanyer Ole SCChE lan acne nee on pawid eee ean eA Stationery, printing and office supplie aps POUT te Ole UCCO UMS! «cesar ek Oa natin ee ee Employer’s insurance Aid to employees Aquarium expenses A\G|UETENTNTAY, YOVACM TIEN) career Heads and horns (publications and labels). Gamme my lO Le CEO Miss aco aie Aes tae he ee ee a Engineering expenses Special equipment in Administration Building. WTGCRINTOUS GQNINISS ee Models for Zebra House . Aquarium surveys, models, etc. Salary of Assistant Secretary ............
iS ui CCM eee ieee eee zen te Our Vanishing Wild Life 0... paue rue Fund SS ce recep aie
Carried forward
$4,129.83
8,910.00 $13,039.83
$1,728.75
2,670.74 910.50 922.11 T9154 406.04
620.00 812.22
718.25 2,646.56 5,000.00 1,353.15
575.00
690.70
184.50
120.00 1,350.03
105.00 1,423.35
765.00 WOVS 12 2,053.04
4.0.00 1,999.33
333.28
187.50 3,500.00
121.33
2.40
35,632.13
$48,671.96
$33,304.04
$33,304.04
54 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
EB FOUG TUG SOUT eee re ea cee $33,304.04 Unexpended Balance as at December 31, 1912, CashrAni cB OVG 2228 2 a ON ee ee ee Se oN ee Ree 7,394.59 Investments: New York, Lackawanna & Western Terminal 4% Bonds. (One Bond _ sold eae Liege for $990) ree 7,920.00 Accrued interest on bonds 22 cee cen 53.33 7,973.33 H. R. MircHe tt, $48,671.96 Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne, January 1, 1913. Treasurer. Maintenance Fwd Schedule 2. RECEIPTS. Received from the City account Maintenance Appropria- priation of $182,365.00 for the year 20 $161,902.72 Due from the City on account of Maintenannce..... 17,504.41 T BSEEUN CED NCES ase a a peer ete eA ae cele eee OS eee cae eee 2,957.87 $182,365.00 EXPENDITURES. Maintenance of buildings and care of collections.................. 52,265.69 Mamtenance and carelofreTound Se ee 41,725.04 (Gren rally aiG ma TANS tees © Meee ee eer ee 29,323.74 Food for animals 36,932.30 SUC LE a ae ok ans ae, 8552512 A OOL Sian Cla aT iw ayes ee Seg ee een ee ee see 1,973.89 Q LGA 001] 0 2) ae ete cee erate ne em OOS OE Se are 2 oe eB 1,437.47 Paints and oils ... 1,560.56 Electric service ee 1,589.18 Vehicular Transportation sees a ee eee een 1,350.00 Wimitorms; cand oA ees eee ee eee eee ene 1,302.74 Melephome! Service! Aes e ce ans ee ee a ear 746.96 Office supplies and papune a 844.19 Mascellaneous ss upp lies eee ee peers ee 708.77 Rostacewan delele pirate eeeee he nee oes 693.60 JATUTEOTS FS Wp LES eee aera ae ee eee 646.66 Em pimp eS unpo p ess ae ee eee ee ence 635.48 Bireiohtsamdvexpress: sess ee eee 533.27 Sabai OMe ae 524.98 No Cavey orem ltr LOS ype eee eee 403.82 Samed amd) Cerne rit se ae eee ee ee a ee ere, 391.38 Hurnacesrepalnsmand snep lace emis esse eee ee 254.30 Drugsmandsmedicimes =. eee 220.67 Hen Cinip wan Ge nettin oye eee 191.93 Medical attendance, (employees) 189.00 Sienseand Slab els eee Me i eee ke ein 181.00 Rubber Hose 164.11 Repairs = 144.87 MT eae ee Sa Soe Ste, $e eae ee 143.55 OMMGS LMU MOMTTDIVITAE HMC TR AAOR AS sete tec res cae te cea tanec 130.00 Horses and vehicles 121.30 Nursery supplies .......... 91.23 Bar DaSK CUS i reece Senne A tere we Ne Bree ee te Pes ee 90.00 Nursery stock and seeds 87.94 Electrical supplies .................. a 75.69 Awnings and shades .................... 47.00 GlassmanGolaziersuaS Uli Gs meen ae ee 61.64
CRC SOMO Oa eee Nee eee $179,309.67
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 55
BP OUGNG: SOTO, rere acetate nese Bete Pe eee ere $179,309.67
Stable supplies and repairs: ee: 44.20 Surgical instruments and appliances ........ See eee se 36.73 Engineering supplies. ..... Soa ee ee fer Vet Be prctsel sono 12.03 Mats and floor coverings or 4.50 1 BSE NYE Nyg Veron Mee etek aceite ck eae ra nl ANS Ie elRe aE EEO: ERE ZI 2,957.87 $182,365.00
H. R. MircuHett, Percy R. Pyne,
Chief Clerk. Treasurer. January 15, 1913. Gromd Improvement Find Schedule 3 SHOWING Stratus or AppropRIATION No. 5.
Unexpended balance of Appropriation of No. 4 brought forward... $3,099.78 Reductions ‘on various ‘contracts; old) account 22-2. 1,416.96 RECEIPTS.
Appropriated by Board of Estimate and Apportionment:
pAcvrevill all Ose ial syse MUD OS eee ecco ree rere oe eee ieee tee ere $ 65,000.00
Awailab les Aviosiy, 909) ennen ee 10,000.00
Available, August, 1910 a 84,500.00
Available. "October; 190 2 ee Ren er 155,000.00 314,500.00 Premium on bonds to December Si, 191Q = Se 1,260.02
EXPENDITURES. $320,276.76
By the Zoological Society:
Baird Court Boundary and Concourse 2.0.0.0... ie S$ 408.68
Crematonysandtuell shea ee 489.76
Axis7and! Sika’ Deer fences. ee ee ms Sones
Guard Rails ee peers 2,035.79
Boum arya CM CCS eee ees me 3,303.58
Elephant House walks and yard = 1,797.94
Forestry and planting —..W. 16,615.43
TV UGTS Ce LIND rn CUS tec ea cr Aes 8,672.81
West Farms Block oe 1,066.56
IN pve W0jeil Geese eee se on ea ee Oa 8,623.65
Llama yards 377.48
Reconstruction of walks = 4,187.71
ilies WD wel, Awlevry) acetate esc oa 572.10
Boston Road Public Comfort Station 200 10.00
North end of Baird)! Court 947.61
Public Comfort Station, Elephant House 1,978.20
Lepra and Wald: Horse installation =.) 2,638.28
Small Deer House walks and yards . = 324.25
oer ae Sw IO) ei aes ea ee et er ek eee eR ey eee 975.19
INTE WMD © Te FID) CM Guage ee cee Enea ae Ne Na es en 466.13
Administration Building .... 318.83
Eagle and Vulture Aviary 935.53
BERT eee 1 LON GY Uy cee ec as Ft ee eee 1,748.36
Buffalo fence ....... a 530.00
Sea dion pool === S: 579.79
Bronxdale Bridge. .... - 1,476.79
Lebrar FLOUSe pyc See = 4,568.09
Temporary sheds, Service Yards a 1,067.16
Pelican House ..... 228.00
NET ES EN ea ee a re reer 241.00 68,522.33
Canned ViOnwerd, 2. BIN AAR sees Rene i ee eee Lee $68,522.33
56 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
BR GU GUG ONO CLT, Cet re ae ee ee ee ee
By the Zoological Society through Park Department : Reconstructionson walle. ieee se ee Forestry and planting ............. ie decane Elephant House walks and y yards! Ae Seen eR Be ne Bound anyeten Ces. seen ie aot ON Oy Pen Guard rails New walks Miscellaneous West Farms Wl ann aesy/ar. Cs ieee eee eee ee Small Deer House yards * Di Soe ee AIG andi olla) Cenien Ces) eee eres Crematory and fuel shed. ....... BN ee Ea INorthmendwotebairdaCounries ee :
Ve Gre CC On GUase ee oe Public Comfort Station, Elephant House ...00000. Zebravand Wild=liorse installation) ee ee Furnishings and fittings for Administration Building
Polar 3B Care Cry ge ee A eee
New Bear Dens
Administration Building
Beaver Pond 22 eT I i
Sea, Ihions poole eee
Temporary sheds, Service Yards |
Bronxdale Bridge ..... RO Ne Sees Pe
Vion, JROWUSS SEHONS seers
Concourse and Baird Court approach
Buffalo fence ......... ewer
Pelican House ........
Through Park Department:
Contract, J. F. Walsh & Bro., Public Service SB al ra he a Sek ee Se eee a ee
Contract, Knight & De Micco, excavating rock ........
Contract Joss Balaban; Zebra Elouses.
Contract, Geo. Hildebrand, Eagle and Vulture TNS LEYS fe Po
Contract, H. F. English, Public Comfort Station, Hilephiant NOUS sae ee eee
Contract, Abraham & Straus, Furnishing Adminis- ERevelOM > nll Gin gyy poe ee eee ree ee eee
Contract, Repairing Bronx Invivere ID Woa ee Pe
Contract. Construchion cone bean Densne-e
Contract, Granite Coping, Baird Court Aen Suet? cd
Contract, Terra Cotta Work, Zebra House....................
Contract, Change in brick work, Zebra Hous?
Contract, A. V. Johnson & Co., Work Shops.............
Contract, Jos. E. Dobbs, Pelican House. .....0000000...
Contract, Jos. Balaban, Addition to Restaurant...
Miscellaneous expenditures through Park Depart- TMC see eee rece ee ee
Claim of J. V. Schaefer, Jr., Co., allowed by Finance Department for extra on Administration Build-
TD tt cee te emt remedy eeotcsec
780.81 3,774.38 2,938.33
35.50
191.00
362.37
110.24
577.39
760.95
164.80
579.44 1,702.29
366.20
193.25 2,281.68
506.80
362.45
398.15
28: 61 9,252.69
581.15
410.05
343.80
$ 29,230.00 877.50 25,181.00
18,867.00 10,357.00
7,544.26 6,514.00 7,777.00 772.00 1,565.00 1,247.00 23,895.00 4,045.00 3,900.00
5,677.61
1,409.86
$68,522.33
39,112.37
148,859.23
$256,493.93
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT
BROW OIUE ROMO OG) ee seen eee Balance available for expenditure, December
H. R. MircH ett, Chief Clerk. January 1, 1913.
Animal Find
Schedule 4.
Unexpended balance as at December 31, 1911: Cash in Bank Cash on hand .
Income from January 1, 1912, to Special Subscriptions: The Junior League Admissions Checkinos =... Sale of Animals
Miscellaneous. .......
December 31, 1912:
Mammals BindSw Reptiles
Insect Collection
Fxpress and other charges . Travelling and other expenses
Unexpended balance es at December 31, Cash im Bank 2222 Cash on) hand =...
1912:
3ist, 1912. cre
Percy R.
57
$256,493.93 63,782.83
$320,276.76 PYNE, Treasurer.
$32,905.34
100.00
$33,005.34
150.06 11,838.40 45.20 1,280.00
80.30 13,393.90
$46,399.24
$21,388.86
7,472.28 1,388.80
249.67 30,499.61 1,278.58 2,810.39 1,088.97 $11,710.66 100.00 11,810.66 $46,399.24 Percy R. Pyne,
H. R. MircHett, Chief Clerk. January 1, 1913. Stokes’ Bird Find Schedule 5. Unexpended balance as at December 31, 1911: CEES) ah athe] Beal fee gaa eer eeepc nen Oe co Su eer Investment: Ilinois Central Railway 4% Gold Bonds
Interest received and accrued
EXPENDITURES FOR YEAR. Donations towards preservation of bird life Unexpended balance as at December 31, 1912: Cash in Bank Investment: Illinois Central Railway Gold Bonds
AT
Accrued interest on
Carried forward
Treasurer.
209.88 5,056.46 5,206.34 PE enraatern = 240.14 : $5,506.48 Poe eee $ 300.00 $5,173.15 33.33
5,206.48
58 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
DB OUG TUG af Oye yee ee re ee en Nr Neer $5,506.48
$5,506.48 H. R. Mirexett, Percy R. Pyne, Chief Clerk. Treasurer. January 1, 1913.
National Collection of Geads and Horns Schedule 6. Unexpended balance as at December 31, 1911: (OFFS) aVearh nie] B21 0 | ef eM es part eek een EN roe sleet Ae ME ER Die aren ei ee on MRT te $ 27.64 INCOME FOR YEAR. Special Subscriptions: AIO Dy VEG SO aoe ee, HALO LOD)
W. Frazer Gibson 5.00 ING {Sites AION INCOSE Sareea cree 5.00 AfCo) avateerd Che 22 bere; Fel ft cae ee woman fr ere be behest a eet 5.00 Wm. R. Coe ; 10.00 John J. Paul wD 15.00 Georgemshitas otdye= sees ceri eetmn Ss 10.00 IW Ae CaS Ce Bet ie ON ee Pg re ad een ae 5.00 Henry A. Caesar ... Z 5.00 Archibald Rogers a 5.00 1, Keel chew UAE ON od vee Oa erence OS ee eee 3.00 Gee Wie ie aro lalliinn Flite ieee ee en eee ee 5.00 MowmnsendelWawiMienCey seen eye ee 10.00 $183.00 GEES ee nae Ee ORNL GO Nee Meares .30 183.30 Overdraft, December 31, 1912 ...... Re N Oy. Re ie PE Ce, See 241.00 $451.94 EXPENDITURES FOR YEAR. TSIGAGIG: ME) SION INS ee eee a rg eo eeeraenes zene Meee! eee EN) 388.15 Express man GO dnermch ays es eee eee Serene 63.79 $451.94 H. R. MircHe 1, Percy R. Pyne, Chief Clerk. Treasurer.
January 1, 1913.
Library Fund Schedule 7. Unexpended balance as at December 31, 1911: as bn ee ny en ean ee ie ek eee ae ee eee actors $1,081.61
Special Subscription:
Fao om Elisa S CHT Ey et eee ee pee neantnes certs See $250.00 SUYR ETS Ga oar carey a Sen ea ee er Sen 20.63 270.63
$1,352.24 EXPENDITURES FOR YEAR. Books,, pamupllets, weeny a eee ee ee ee Belew $903.08 Subscription to periodicals 86.20 Express and other charges 42.97 $1,031.55
Unexpended balance as at December 31, 1912: Gaishnesimn bo axry e aee eceenerreeee 320.69
Carried forward ...... gee MOC ae Tey eee a ees Cee ee eee Seay IA Ere A Ss has $1,352.24
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT
59
Brought FORWARD ecccecncencea Bin ON cee $1,352.24 $1,352.24 H. R. MircHett, Percy R. Pyne, Chief Clerk. Treasurer. January 1, 1913. Aquarium Maintenance Find Schedule 8. RECEIPTS. Received from the City, account Aquarium Maintenance Appropriation of $48,500.00 for the yeav............. nee Secs $37,310.20 Due from City on account of Aquarium Maintenance... 9,286.88 Wine xpend edie allam ce ee sean ne ere eee eee 1,902.92 $48,500.00 EXPE ND!TURES. LEE Bl COND NS) a Se ea re ea A eee ee eed $32,595.63 Coal oe 2a ees I oe ce ee ee oe ee ee ee ee 4,620.27 Telephone, === rere 174.05 Electric Light — 855.28 Ce ee aes pee Re rae ee eS ne ee oe eee 98.35 AUTH OGG Be pee eee ee eee 140.10 CELE ae are ares tec rs ee PR ee Pe a ea 280.50 Stationenyand eB 0oksy =e ee ee eee 398.39 STIR 0 Ces steer es ee cere a Ue ee se eo ae 2,055.49 NCIC ental EEX SO SES\mn (OL Ce) pues ener eee oreo 85.87 UEMCURe) pete ee eee = 45.00 (cornet ee Ty CCS gear cree eee 291.72 Generales Supplies ays ee eee ee 2,756.34 Repairs and Replacements by Contract or Open Orders... 1,317.54 GSU eee nnk ee ee ee ees fspbectere Sete nraceepacke eit ass sae accenemennran ae: 882.55 limexqpem cle cas Wa clan Ci were nee ae eee ee ee eee 1,902.92 $48,500.00 Ropert SUTCLIFFE, Percy R. Pyne, Clerk. Treasurer. Aquarium Improvement Find Corporate Stock, C. D. P. No. 4. Schedule 8-A. Wnexpendedtbalance asi at December Silsts eG 2 ee eee ee POLO No expenditures. Balance available for ‘expenditure, Dec: Slst, W910) ne $34.4..50 (Signed) Morris Mayer,
Bookkeeper, Department of Parks, Manhattan and Richmond.
60 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Endowment Fund Schedule 9. Funds as at December 31, 1911:
GETS spp bne ol Bz all ap ete mE raccoon bern SO ae Rae $ 19,566.52 Investments at ecosity seen San Pee eae 264,952.50 Balance due by Endowment Fund Income Account... 343.78 $284,862.80
Endowment Fund:
Denia Ore Idohyairel IRIS Se ee ee . $ 5,000.00 Special Subscription:
Ipohygandel So Jelena) eee ee a NE 5,000.00 10,000.00 Wifes Membership eS ubs Crip tions: eee eee eee een 2,800.00
$297,662.80 Funds at December 31, 1912: Investments at cost: $20,000 Westchester Racing Association 5% First Mort- gave (BONUS hts ee ee. eee eee ee $ 20,000.00 3,000 Second Mortgage, Clara N. Gibert and others, 6% over land and_ buildings, Broadway
anda Ui Eh See. as ea ane ee ear ede 3,000.00 55000! Colorado: & Southern 4°% Bonds! 2222. 4,750.00 5,000 Michigan Central R. R. Co. 4% Bonds.................. : 4,950.00 10,000 New York City 1957 4% Corporate Stock... 9,925.00 10,000 St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba 4% Bonds... 9,800.00 50,000 U. S. Steel Sinking Fund 5% Bonds... 51,812.50 50,000 American Telephone & Telegraph 4% Bonds... 45,000.00 25,000 Rhode Island Suburban Ry. Co. 4% Bonds... 21,250.00 20,000 New York City 1958 4% Corporate Stock... 19,875.00 10,000 New York City 1957 4% Corporate Stock... : 9,962.50 10,000 New York City 1958 4% Corporate Stock... 9,962.50 20,000 Chicago & Northwestern Ry. Co. General Movi- gage AIG) Bonds. cee ee eee eee 19,750.00 20,000 Vandalia Railroad Co. Consolidated Mortgage AVC OMS eset ee eRe ee ON 2 eet te een 19,400.00 5,000 Missouri & Illinois Bridge & Belt R. R. Co. Ist Mortoace@4si?oeD ONUS es 5,000.00 10,000 Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound, Ist Mort- wae AiG. TOMS, a eee sane ees cence 9,525.00 2,000 New York, Lackawanna & Western 4% Ter- minal Improvement Bomds nce cceceeene 1,980.00 20,000 Milwaukee, Sparta & Northwestern Ist Mortgage ANG OTC pee eee eer ee ees 18,900.00 7,000 Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound, Ist Mort- Gace Ao Bonds: Se cee eee ee 6,562.50 5,000 Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound, Ist Mort- gage "4,95. BONS ae eee ier enone eae amener 4,687.50 $296,092.50 CET Tpae Dc Yagil S10 cme eee cena es Brie eee Red ob ee AEG ee a a aun A 1,226.52 Balance due by Endowment Fund Income Account... 343.78 $297,662.80 H. R. MircHet., Percy R. Pyne, Chief Clerk. Treasurer.
January 1, 1913.
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT
Endowment Food Jucome Accomiet Schedule 10. Unexpended balance as at December 31, 1911: (ONS Dy Lilia tessl BAT Sey recede emer mete deals ae We Oe Di Ulne NOe e WO or a Ra eee ; INCOME FOR YEAR. Interest collected from Endowment Fund
61
5 6,526.94
TVS LINN GES ae ses ci eee ee eee a Se . $12,715.46 Interest accrued on Endowment Fund In- NPGS! Kee oe ee ee ARE tie GE ole 4,141.67 $16,857.13 ess. Diue® to. Endowment Him eee eae 343.78 16,513.35 $23,340.29
EXPENDITURES FOR YEAR.
AMrANS HErTEGs tow lmComme ACCOMM ccc ocessctoenecee ees terereccecee crereee eee errr eereteeeraes $15,500.00 Transferred to Endowment Fund accrued interest on bonds at time Ofmpunchase” fixes. ar. c eee een ee =e 236.33 Unexpended balance as at December 31, 191: (ORNS) mba Bea ee a a a eae a ueeenesie de aeeenten Accrued interest on Endowment Fund In- VESEIMENUS) see eee Lait, CM IO $7,947.74 Less, Due to Endowment Fund epee eee : . 343.78 7,603.96 $23,340.29 H. R. MircHett1, Percy R. Pyne, Chief Clerk. Treasurer.
January 1, 1913.
62 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Auditors’ Certificate
We have audited the books and accounts of the New York Zoological So- ciety for the year ended December 31, 1912, and certify that the foregoing Schedules “1” to “10” are in accordance with the books, and, in our opinion, correctly record the transactions relating to the funds of the Society for the year, and the condition of the various funds as at December 31, 1912. Schedule “3” includes records of expenditures amounting to $39,112.37 and $148,859.23 made through the Park Department of the City of New York. We have not verified the expenditures so made, but we have incorporated them in the state- ments submitted so that these may be complete. The subscriptions, donations and dues reported as received have been properly accounted for, and the securi- ties and cash in bank and on hand at December 31, 1912, as shown in the accounts of the funds presented herewith, were all duly checked and found in order.
Marwick, Mrrcuetr, Pear & Co., Chartered Accountants. 79 Wall Street, New York, February 17, 1913.
New York, March 19, 1913.
The President and Board of Managers o g The New York Zoological Society.
Dear Sirs:
We beg to report we have examined the annual audit of the books and accounts of the New York Zoological Society for the year ending December 31, 1912, as made by Messrs. Marwick, Mitchell, Peat & “Company, Chartered Ac- countants, and herewith submit the same to you as a complete and satisfactory audit of said books and accounts, all expenditures and receipts of the various accounts being clearly set forth and the cash on hand and at the various deposi- tories having been verified and found correct, and all securities in which the funds of the Society are invested having been examined and found as reported.
Expenditures made through the Park Department of the City of New York have not been verified by this audit as such moneys have not passed through the hands of this Society, but are in due course checked and verified by the Comptroller of the City.
Respectfully submitted,
Witri1am W. NILEs,
C. Lepyarp Buratr, Committee.
N. B.—This report is made in the absence, through illness, of Mr. Hugh D. Auchincloss, Chairman.
QNOd ‘IMO-OTIM HHL FO HO] AHL NO LSAU LV TMOAMALVM
ADULT MALE BIG-HORN MOUNTAIN SHEEP (Ovis canadensis) From Yuma, Southern California
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK
TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS
HE zoological parks of America are today handicapped by two very serious conditions. The first is the awful de- struction of the world’s finest wild animals, and the disappear- ance of desirable species from the list of availables. To this cause is directly due the partial or total absence from public wild-animal collections of the following species:
Passenger Pigeon Carolina Parrakeet California Condor Andean Condor Roseate Spoonbill
Rocky Mountain Sheep European Bison White Rhinoceros Indian Rhinoceros Sable Antelope
Searlet Ibis Kudu
Flamingo Leucoryx Antelope Great Bustard Thylacine
Greater Bird of Paradise Wombat
Lesser Bird of Paradise Manatee
Jobi Bird of Paradise Beaver
Lyre Bird Otter
Wild Turkey Marten
Pinnated Grouse Fisher
Willow Ptarmigan Wolverine Prong-Horned Antelope
The second handicap on American zoological parks is the sweeping prohibition of the Department of Agriculture which forbids the importation of any ruminant animal, or any mem- ber of the swine family, coming from either Europe, Asia, Africa or South America. The effect of this wholesale slaughter of possibilities will, if the prohibition continues, soon begin to be visible to the public in empty cages; for even the best-kept hoofed animals are not immortal. It is indeed fortunate that the New York Zoological Park was heavily stocked with rumi- nant animals before the ban was laid on.
The fact that thus far no contageous disease ever has been brought into this country by a wild animal, seems to have no
66 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
effect on the situation. Neither is any length of healthful quar- antine in Europe accepted as a mitigating circumstance.
RARITIES.
At the present hour, the park is particularly fortunate in the possession of a large series of zoological rarities of special value and importance.
In mammals we possess 3 Pygmy Hippopotami, a Pygmy African Elephant (type specimen), an Indian Rhinoceros, a herd of 6 Musk-Ox, a herd of 6 Rocky Mountain Goats, 4 species of Alaska Brown Bears, a Spectacled Bear, Andean black Bear, Mountain Zebra, Greater Kudu, Sable Antelope, European Bison, 2 adult Big-Horn Sheep rams, a Suleiman Markhor, 10 great Apes and an Atlantic Walrus.
In birds we possess the Secretary Bird, 3 California Con- dors, 2 Greater Birds of Paradise, Great Bustard, Coneave- Casqued Hornbill, Carolina Parrakeet, Rifle Bird, Ocellated Turkey, Boat-Billed Heron and Black Cockatoo.
Of reptilian rarities the collection contains a Gavial, 2 Central American Crocodiles, a Bushmaster, 2 Fer-de-Lances and 4 Indian Cobras.
NOTABLE EVENTS.
The two notable events of the year 1912 were the com- pletion of the Eagle and Vulture Aviary and the Zebra House, and the installation of their respective collections. The com- pletion of these two long-awaited and very important features, and the planting of all the ground surrounding them, has com- pletely transformed Bird Valley, and added to the Park an entire new section of commanding interest. Mr. Hermann W. Merkel, our chief constructor and forester, and his working force is entitled to great credit for the masterful manner in which the yards and fences of the Zebra House have been con- structed,— wholly by our own foree,—and the surrounding grounds beautified with great despatch. All this work again demonstrated the wisdom of having all specially difficult fea- tures of work on the grounds performed by our own force, under the personal supervision of our own officers. To other insti- tutions like ours we heartily commend this plan over the con- tract system.
ATTENDANCE.
During the past year, our attendance of visitors showed a strong increase, and reached the highest figures that have yet
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 67
been attained. This result was reached in the regular course of development, and without any special effort on our part. An- other year of increase equal to that of 1912, (226,550) will bring us very near to the two million mark. In view of our distance from the City’s center of population, and the special effort that is required to reach the Park, we may accept our great and growing attendance as the best possible evidence of the keen interest of the masses in the study of living animals.
A full statement of our attendance is as follows:
in LOZ. In 1911
JENIEH Ee, So Re See eee lee yee en 38,271 40,012 NG Teta Rayer ea bees, ee ek (BY 6Y 70,797 March: 4.2255 Re ee ee a oe ae 118,911 listed 72} 0) gil | Ae Re ee 136,689 119,867 TU ESTA Ale eee Se re eR ieee II eee 183,216 234,187 =] (UTA See ee Us as RR eee che) 266,294 151,681 cl) LO Ac peewee eee ee ea a ene ae 193,816 170,978 AMIGUSt,. 2. Se etl oe eee Lat Se pecae 2. -228,964 146,519 SCDUCMIOCT yet see ht 162,535 219,046 (OXELWO) OFS oe Na ee ee atl at nee at a uel ee ee 155.b05 113,005 INGVEMDCr oie needs ac, POR ae ica 74,413 Wecember:: 2.4.0.5. oe 71,548 64,250 Motals-ee. ee. ae a EKO 8.455 1,481,905
GENERAL WELFARE.
On the whole, the year 1912 may be distinguished as one singularly free from accidents to employees, accidents to visitors and animal losses of importance. Of our 1,708,455 visitors not one received an injury of any kind in the Park. The number of deaths of animals large enough to be worthy of mention is the smallest in the history of the Park, and may well render us apprehensive that at some time in the future the age limit will even up by bringing a great many losses into one year. The only deaths worthy of mention were a zebra, a mountain goat, a markhor, a leucoryx antelope and our male European bison. The bison represented the most serious loss; but the leucoryx antelope robs us of a species that it will be difficult to replace, even when.the embargo is lifted.
The only serious accident in the force was the attack of the adult male Indian elephant, ‘“Gunda,” on his keeper, Walter Thuman. For a considerable period that animal has been
68 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
mean, but his special keeper believed that ere he became so dangerous as to require leg-chains, the evidences of it would be apparent. On the contrary, Gunda’s attack on Keeper Thuman came like a cyclone bursting from a clear sky, without provoca- tion or the slightest warning. It was thoroughly murderous, and but for the fact that the crash of Gunda’s breaking tusk attracted the attention of Keeper Richards as an unusual sound, and brought him rushing to Gunda’s cage with a pitchfork, Thuman’s injuries might have been even worse than they were.
Gunda was driven out of the building by Richards and his pitchfork. Keeper Thuman was badly bruised, and his left thigh was punctured twice by the elephant’s tusk. Fortunately, the keeper’s injuries were not fatal, and he is now on duty as usual. For the future, Gunda will be kept under control by leg-chains, in order that he may have no further opportunities to attempt wanton murder.,
RUBBISH.
Our struggle to prevent the throwing of waste paper and other disfiguring rubbish in the Park constitutes the irrepress- ible conflict. Here in New York we have to contend with a form of lawlessness and disorder that in some other American cities is totally absent. The wanton, persistent and thoroughly ma- lignant disfigurement that is the daily curse of the parks of New York is—so far as I have seen and can learn by inquiry— almost unknown in the parks of Boston and Washington. Can it be that we have a percentage of meaner and more lawless people than are found in other cities?
The entire fault revealed in this disgraceful state of affairs is to be found in the police management of the public. It is within the power of any resolute police commissioner to stop rubbish-throwing in New York parks in one month of real effort in that direction, and that, too, without one cent of additional expense to the City. It can be broken up just as the foul spitting habit was broken up.
But no. In every New York park, every dirty-habited and lawless man, woman and child feels at liberty to do as he, she or it pleases. So far as I am aware, the strenuous effort against rubbish-throwing that we have been making during the past five years is not duplicated in any other park, at least to the extent of our effort. In this task, the assistance that we receive from the Police force is too small to mention. The dis- gusting liberty that is accorded elsewhere to rubbish-throwers,
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 69
both on the streets and in the parks, undoubtedly has a very bad influence on the criminal class, because it is a direct encour- agement to lawlessness and crime. I have strongly appealed to the North Side Board of Trade, that this exasperating and disgraceful state of affairs be taken up by that body; but, while the Board listens sympathetically, and approves the _ idea, nothing whatever has yet been done. The situation is most unfair to the respectable, law-abiding people of New York.
PROTECTION OF WILD LIFE.
Circumstances which could not be ignored forced upon the Zoological Society during 1912 a great amount of hard labor in behalf of the better protection of wild life. The rage for the slaughter of the most interesting and valuable birds and quad- rupeds that now is being manifested in fire and blood, all over the world, imposed upon this Society a burden that could not be evaded. The victories won in behalf of wild life in 1910 and 1911 seemed to indicate unmistakably that a sufficient amount of intelligent effort exerted now and in the near future in arousing the people of America to the seriousness of existing conditions might produce a genuine revolution in methods of protection, and result in great benefit to wild life and to man- kind.
Accordingly the struggles that were waged in the legisla- tures of Massachusetts, New Jersey and Louisiana for sweeping changes in existing laws early enlisted the sympathy of the Society, and when direct appeals for aid came to the Society, they met with immediate and generous responses. It is no exaggeration to state that the Society contributed very sub- stantially to the sweeping victories that finally were won in the three states mentioned. To Louisiana, the Society contributed two campaign visits by Mr. James S. Whipple, ex-Game Com- sioner of the State of New York.
Karly in the year the Director of the Zoological Park be- came convinced that much good to the general cause might result from the publication and general distribution to law-makers and others of a book of protest, exhortation and appeal in behalf of wild life. Accordingly, he wrote, entirely outside the hours of his official duties, and as his own contribution to the cause, a work entitled “Our Vanishing Wild Life; Its Extermination and Pres- ervation.”” This volume, of 428 pages with 94 illustrations and 10 maps, was completed in October, and immediately the Chair- man of the Executive Committee volunteered to provide, by
70 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
means of a special subscription, all the funds necessary to print the edition of 10,000 copies, and to place a copy in the hands of every law-maker, game commissioner, governor and state warden in the United States, and 500 editors.
The book was rushed through the press, and in January, 1913, it was distributed as indicated above. The total cost in- volved, including the really heavy item of distribution, was about $10,000, all of which was almost instantly subscribed by the members of the Board of Managers, supplemented by a gift of $1,000 from Mrs. Russell Sage and $250 from Mrs. E. H. Harriman.
It is earnestly hoped that during the next two years the cause of wild animal life protection will gather so much ad- ditional strength, and make such revolutionary progress, that the officers of the Society will be able to satisfy their consciences in the matter with less labor than now is demanded by existing conditions.
DEPARTMENT OF MAMMALS. W. 'T. Hornaday, Curator; Raymond L. Ditmars, Assistant Curator.
Throughout the year 1912 the status of the collection of mammals was unusually satisfactory. The records show a grati- fying absence of accidents and important losses by death, a total absence of epidemic diseases, and the acquisition of a number of extremely desirable animals. The arrival of three pigmy hip- popotami was a noteworthy event, and while the outlay involved in this purchase was quite large ($15,000), the great interest manifested in these zoological rarities by the general public and the members of the Zoological Society seems to justify the pur- chase. These animals have been maintained in excellent phys- ical condition, and their future with us is now regarded as measurably secure. There is good ground for the expectation that the young pair will breed as soon as they reach maturity. These very strange and even weird creatures seem to be of great interest to the public. The placing of a temporary bathing- tank for the adult male close behind the guard rail brings the animal very close to visitors, and renders it specially available for inspection. The appetites of all three animals are excellent, and they devour with great relish what seems like a large quantity of green vegetables, bread and fruit.
After at least ten years of more or less continuous effort to secure at least one adult male Rocky Mountain big-horn sheep that would satisfactorily represent that fine species, we were
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT {fab
successful in securing in the month of December two fine speci- mens. One came from the Canadian Rockies, and the other from the mountains near Yuma, southern California. In view of the late arrival of these animals, it was found advisable to quarter them for the winter of 1912-13 in the new Zebra House, which is well adapted to their needs.
The greater kudu, usually regarded in Eurupe as a delicate animal, and difficult to keep alive on exhibition, continues to enjoy perfect health. It has developed very satisfactorily, and the only difficulty with it is the same kind that is encountered in nearly every male African antelope,—an insatiable desire to wear its horns down to its head.
Special attention is called to the Alaskan brown bear, of an unnamed species, from the Kobuk River, Alaska, 300 miles south- west of Point Barrow. This animal is rapidly increasing in size, and it seems likely to attain great proportions. The Alaskan giant brown bear known as “Ivan” is one of the largest bears in captivity. Naturally it attracts much attention. The spec- tacled bear from Quito, Ecuador, is in good health.
A Tasmanian wolf, or thylacine, was purchased of the Zoo- logical Society of London, but while it arrived in good health, it was so nervous and unreconciled to captivity that it lived only a few months.
The occurrences of the past year have forced us to another disappointing conclusion regarding our North American hoofed animals. Our last effort to induce the prong-horned antelope to live and breed in captivity in New York City has failed, just as all our previous efforts have failed. We are now disposed to accept the result of ten years experimenting as final in regard to that species. In the first, and most important, place it seems impossible to procure stock that is not afflicted with lumpy-jaw. Three good specimens in our possession during 1912 developed that incurable disease soon after their arrival, and quickly died of it. That was the fourth time that this disease was brought to the Park by prong-horned antelopes. We are now resolved that it will also be the last. So far as we know, the prong-horn cannot live in captivity, outside of its home country, and not always can it do so, even on its own ground. At best it is a delicate animal, with little physical stamina, and it easily suc- cumbs to adverse circumstances, whatever they may be.
The extent to which the wild herds seem to be afflicted with lumpy-jaw is very disquieting. We may well ask: Will that disease finish the extermination of the species? It is reported
{2 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
that in spite of general protection in the United States, the bands of antelope are steadily diminishing. Undoubtedly this is largely due to illegal slaughter. So far as the Zoological Park is coneerned we are reluctantly compelled to class the prong-horn with the impossible moose and caribou, and resolve to procure no more of them.
Among the gifts of the year 1912 were a young polar bear, from Mr. S. Osgood Pell, and a young grizzly bear. The latter animal was the gift of Mr. N. K. Luxton, of Banff, Alberta. It was captured in the Brazeau Country, which is north of the North Fork of the Saskatchewan River, northwestern Alberta. This is our only representative of the species from that region. A fine young Kadiak bear came as the gift of the Junior Auxil- iary of the New York Zoological Society, and Mr. Harry Whit- ney and Captain Robert B. Bartlett presented 5 young hooded seals.
Other important accessions of mammals during the year were the following:
Two sphinx baboons, two long-armed baboons, one hama- dryas baboon, a fine pair of Bengal tigers, one cheetah, one Arctic fox, two pandas, five sea lions, three pygmy hippopotami, four prong-horn antelopes, one South American deer, one male fallow deer, four Rocky Mountain goats, two Tasmanian devils and one Tasmanian wolf.
The following is a list of the important births during the past year:
8 American Wapiti 4 Axis Deer 4 White-Tailed Deer 5 Fallow Deer 3 Sika Deer 4 American Bison 1 Hog Deer 1 Aoudad 2 Malay Sambar Deer 4 Red Deer 1 Eld’s Deer 1 Barasingha Deer 1 Congo Sitatunga 1 Sea Lion 2 Himalayan Tahr 2 Syrian Bears 2 Mongolian Wild Horses 1 Ring-Tailed Lemur 5 Raccoons The following mammals were sold: 1 Polar Bear 5 Red Deer 2 Hybrid (Syr. Black) Bears 7 Fallow Deer 1 Hybrid (Hairy-Eared Rus- 4 Sika Deer
sian) Bear 1 Axis Deer 3 Raccoons 1 Indian Sambar Deer
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 73
5 Elk 1 Indian Antelope 2 White-Tailed Deer 1 Aoudad 2 Florida Deer
The first part of the winter of 1912-13 was so mild and free from the cold rains that usually render New York winters so hard to endure, that our mammals were kept out to an extent that ordinarily is impossible.
A full census of the mammal collection, made on December 31, 1912, when all our collections are noticeably smaller than in mid-summer, is as follows:
MAMMALS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK December 31, 1912. (Osborn’s Classification.)
Species. Specimens.
VEE SUP ea we oe Sie ee ee re ee) 15 Hdentata 222.2 Se 2 3 Carnivora .....-.. eee ee eZ ee cS 124 Pinnipedia ..... ao Neges R 2, RVOMGIiiage non te a eee 41 163 RAGIIMIAGES) sateen eee ee on ee een 33 84 Artiodactyla (Even- Toed Ungulates) .. 58 276 Perissodactyla (Odd-Toed Ungulates).. 10 16 IeRODOSCICC ae teen ee Se, en, a 5 Hydracoidea —........... pees. Jl 1 ING) C2) EM eee ts Ser ak le, AO a 210 689
REPORT OF THE VETERINARIAN ON THE MAMMALS. By W. Reid Blair, D.V.S.
The health of the mammals during the past year has been unusually good. While there have been the usual number of medical and surgical cases, the affections have for the most part been of a less serious nature, and more easily corrected than we usually expect.
Gastro-enteritis.—We are glad to report that there have been no cases of this disease among the larger hoofed animals during the past year. This is the first time in twelve vears that we have been absolutely free from this disease for twelve months in succession. It is to be noted that for a number of years it has not been very troublesome. The elk and bison herds which in previous years suffered from this disease are now in better condition than ever before.
74 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Enteritis is a common affection occurring among the small mammals, especially the carnivores. Keeper Max Lansberg of the Small-Mammal House is much interested in this disease, and has been very helpful in studying the effect of various foods on the sensitive digestive organs of these animals under his im- mediate care.
Tuberculosis.—While this disease has, for a considerable number of years, been an unimportant factor in the death rate, yet during the past year it has caused the loss of several animals. All but two of these deaths occurred outside the primate collection to which, heretofore, it had been confined al- most exclusively. During the spring a number of hooded seals, the gift of Mr. Harry Whitney, were deposited in the Park. Within a few weeks all of them died, and in each case they were found to have suffered from either generalized or pulmonary tuberculosis. As these animals were captured less than four weeks before their arrival at the Park, these cases are impor- tant,—showing that they must have become affected while still in arctic waters, where previously it has been entirely unknown among wild animals. We also lost a female Bengal tiger from pulmonary tuberculosis. This animal had been in the collection for about ten years. There were also two unimportant cases in the primate collection during the year.
Actinomycosis.—There have been three cases of this dreaded disease among the prong-horn antelopes. One case occurred before the animal was placed on exhibition, and while still in quarantine. This animal showed extensive lesions of the jaws and stomach. It seems impossible to keep these ani- mals on account of their great susceptibility to infection of lumpy-jaw or actinomycosis. The present introduction of this dreadful and incurable disease was the fourth time that it has been brought to this Park by prong-horn antelopes.
Distemper.—There were two cases of distemper among the small carnivores in the small-mammal collection. These ani- mals were new arrivals, and with highly commendable vigi- lance the keeper detected the condition of the animals in the early stages of the disease, thus preventing the spread of the infection to other animals in the collection.
Parasitic gastritis and enteritis has not given us much trouble for a number of years, although we find that a large percentage of the newly arrived animals harbor various intes- tinal parasites.
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 15)
Pneumonia.—While there have been a number of pure or uncomplicated cases of pneumonia, the disease is more fre- quently seen as a complication of some other more debilitating disease, or following as a terminal affection, in animals suffer- ing from malnutrition.
UNUSUAL DISEASES.
Uraemic poisoning caused the death of our male European Bison. One of our Suleiman markhor died as a result of necrotic inflammation of the bladder, caused by a fungus, or food toxemia.
A most annoying death was that of a two-year-old Grant zebra, born in the Park, which was violently attacked in the middle of the night and died before daybreak of acute flatulent indigestion. A young polar bear died from fish poisoning.
Cage paralysis —A few cases of this disease occurred in the primate collection during the year, chiefly, however, in animals that had been in captivity a number of years, and had only recently been acquired by us as gifts.
One acute case developed in a green monkey that had been in our collection for about five years.
There were several deaths of small mammals from unavoid- able accidents, and fighting with cage-mates. This latter con- dition occurs more frequently among the animals of the small- mammal collection and in the fox dens, than elsewhere.
A Malay sambar deer broke its leg and had to be destroyed —and a two-year-old Eld’s deer met with a similar accident and had to be chloroformed.
Each year a few mammals which have been in captivity for a number of years have to be destroyed because they are no longer fit for exhibition purposes on account of age or mal- nutrition. Quite frequently monkeys are received as gifts which on examination are found physically unfit for exhibition and are destroyed while still in quarantine quarters. It is a common thing to receive “pet”? monkeys,—most reluctantly given up,— that are ready to die of cage paralysis!
A few young hoofed animals are lost each year on account of births occurring during the winter season. These losses are chiefly among animals like the axis deer that are upon the ranges at all seasons of the year, and are too nervous and excitable to be closely confined.
Many unsuccessful attempts have been made to raise the young deer or bears that have been abandoned by the mothers;
76 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
a eee eee ee || = 3 S oe ee Boal g Ohl eee (eal tes) || (Sat || se Piteumo nas oe wes ee eres eee (ea | (ees Aha 1 2 15 Bronchitis ie eee Di ise sas es | ea 7 [uber Cul Osis 522 ocr * eon eam Ae Si I eee, AE es | ett | 3 Di Stemmpe rs eee eae ee | ee 2, Ab. ead cn |e 4 NCHIMOMYy.CO SIS. =e eee oer ee ee eg | ee mg |e || 2 ENS hi CSO MING) Yee elo ek ee | 7pm econ | apemen |e ea 2 2 inte rit Sy 6 |10 7 eal (Ot 3 2 25 Gastritis” seen see cet a ee Nee 3 5 Pe | cme eek) |S es 10 Penmioke (CABRINI ee || 2 2, || cee er oe eee eee 4 Stomatitis, (Gangrenous)) 222 Qi Ca ee eee | eee 2 Acutes indigestion; j-22 eee ahem ee ee eee Se aa 4 Cacembandlyscisi eee eee et (eee | ae oo ee PMN Vetere 5 RAG etsi oe se. Se Ne eats Cee ken OF Maller | eters ae 3 Fungus’ Poisoning 2.2222 = Ea tes ese || a 4 Wraemics Poisoming ose ee 2 fal ees 1 4 Tie Drihis) 23s ocer- at setae are ee eat oe eee Si eae ST ert | eed eats 4 Still Born see 2 tee ee i eae reas 1d (Paeaeieed ol Pehl ate 14 Killed by Cage-Mates .-ncicccccccccecencm 5 LPs) oe 2 3) | ae 22 Accidental Deaths (unavoidable). .......... | ....-.. |.-----..|------- foe | ee ae 2 AGG ay, 28 oes So eee et Fam eee etree et ae a We 2 2 Convulsions 2 Mfalanurtrrtioms arma Acro iny ea re re | eee eet | ee | bore ee | eee i <-=.- 5 7 7 ( 145
CAUSES OF DEATHS AMONG MAMMALS DURING 1912.
but the mother’s milk seems to be of vital importance to their existence for the first few days after birth, and very few at- tempts in that line are successful.
Need for a New Hospital.—The need for the new Hospital Building which has been projected, and for which funds have been asked of the City, is very great. The present structure is built of wood; it has now been in use about twelve years, and it is in a practically hopeless state of dilapidation. Mani- festly, it is inadvisable to spend any considerable sum in placing it in a state of repair, in view of the fact that a new structure has been planned for the near future. The cage-work of the old building needs to be completely renewed, but it seems un- wise to expend funds upon repairs to a structure that in the nature of things must soon be torn down. The building is small and at the best it never was anything more than an excuse for a modern animal hospital. Its further use is both unwise and dangerous, and the erection of a new building at an early date is an imperative necessity.
BOAT-BILLED HERON FROM YUCATAN
78 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
DEPARTMENT OF BIRDS. C. William Beebe, Curator; Lee S. Crandall, Assistant Curator; Samuel Stacey, Head Keeper.
For several years our bird collection has contained a larger number of living specimens than are possessed by any other zoological institution. Because of previous numbers, our gain in species during 1912 was necessarily small, but it was suf- ficient to advance our collections to a point where we can feel assured that our birds fairly represent the avifauna of the world. An approximation of the limit of our capacity has been reached, and our efforts in the future will be exerted in maintaining our present status, and in replacing common species with rare ones, rather than in securing a further increase in our collection as a whole.
Several important new installations became available for the use of this department during 1912, greatly increasing the exhibition value of the collections. The Eagle and Vulture Aviary was occupied on May 20 by our large, much-scattered collection of these birds. A substantial brick shelter-house in the rear of the aviary provides ample accommodation for such species as are unable to endure the severe cold of winter. A well-lighted and commodious Pelican House, of brick, was erected to replace the temporary one which had been in service for several years.
The free colony of night herons founded in 1911 on Lake Agassiz has continued to increase, and now contains over thirty birds. It is very gratifying to be able to state that free night herons have now become a permanent feature of the Zoological Park.
During the year a large number of rare and interesting specimens were received. The Galliformes were enriched by the addition of a painted spurfowl (Galliperdix lunulata), the lovely crested wood partridge (Rollulus roulroul), and an ex- ceptionally fine female ocellated turkey (Agriocharis ocellata), which at the present time is in good plumage and perfect health.
Our series of West Indian species was augmented by a large collection from Haiti, including the striated woodpecker (Chloronerpes striatus) ; palm chat (Dulus dominicus) ; Haitian grackle (Holoquiscalus niger) ; pearly-eyed thrasher (Margar- ops fuscata) ; Haitian robin (Mimocichla ardosiacea) ; Haitian cuckoo (Saurotheria dominicensis) and Haitian tanager (Phoe- nicophilus palmarum).
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 719
A pair of the rare great bustards (Otis tarda) added to the collection a group (sub-order Otides) never before in the possession of the Society. Although of large size, these birds are extremely delicate and difficult to maintain in health.
While in Europe during the summer the Curator secured a number of exceedingly rare and desirable birds. Most im- portant were representatives of three species of touracos,—the great-billed (Turacus macrorhynchus), Buffon’s (T. buffont) and purple-crested (Gallirex porphyreolopha). We were later able to secure a pair of the very uncommon gray touracos (Schizorhis concolor), which with the white-crested species (7. corythaix) already in the collection, gives us the most nearly complete series of touracos in captivity. The Curator also se- cured in Germany a very large specimen of the ground horn- bill (Bucorax abyssinicus), a species we have long desired.
The arrival of the fully adult horned screamer (Palamedea cornuta) with the curious unicorn-like growth on the head well developed, completes the series of screamers, and gives us the distinction of being the only Zoological Park possessing all of the species of the order Palamedeiformes.
Early in November, announcement was made of the dis- persal of a large private collection, situated in the center of Belgium, near Brussels. The Assistant Curator left for Belgium at once and was able to secure many rarities. A canvass of the principal zoological gardens of the continent and England added greatly to their numbers. The birds were assembled in London at the gardens of the Zoological Society, and brought thence to New York, where they arrived safely on December 25th. There were 119 specimens, representing 69 species, of which 66 were not represented in the Society’s collection.
Among the most important are two immature specimens of Count Raggi’s bird of paradise (Paradisea raggiana), the male of which, when fully adult, somewhat resembles the greater birds of paradise now in the Zoological Park, except that the ornamental plumes are chocolate-red instead of yellow.
The great bower bird (Chlamydodera maculata), of Aus- tralia, will attract much attention, because of his peculiar call. which is indistinguishable from the mew of a cat.
Most delicate of all birds which so far have been kept in captivity are the tiny purple sunbirds, (Arachnecthra asiatica) from India. No larger than a hummingbird, the plumage of the
80 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
male is a shimmering bluish black. In captivity, their only food is a compound liquid, at which they sip almost constantly.
Most gorgeous of the lot are five species of lories,—East Indian parrots whose tongues become adapted for an exclusive diet of pollen and soft fruit. These include the red-fronted (Chalcopsittacus scintillatus), Stella (Charmosyna_ stellae), dark-throated (Trichoglossus nigrigularis), red-collared (T. rubritorques) and purple-capped lories, (Lorius domicellus).
A large series of brilliant Australian parrakeets contains such rare species as yellow-naped (Barnardius semitorquatus) , Barnard (B. barnardi), Barraband (Polytelis barrabandt), many colored (Psephotus multicolor), yellow-cheeked (Platy- cercus icterotis and Adelaide (P. adelaidae). Always uncom- mon, these birds have become practically unprocurable since the enactment of the new Australian bird protection laws.
Among the larger birds are a variety of eagles, vultures, owls, hawks and gulls. There are three Goliath herons (Ardea goliath), standing fully four feet high when erect and so savage that it is unsafe for their keeper to enter their cage unarmed.
Everyone knows the familiar little green ‘love-birds,” which tell the fortunes of the credulous by plucking cards from boxes under the direction of Italian women on street cor- ners. It is easy to imagine, then, the excitement caused in Eng- land three years ago by the appearance of birds of this species (Melopsittacus undulatus), the plumage of which was of the most delicate blue, set off by purest white. This change of color had been caused by a total elimination of the yellow from the normal green, and is of great scientific interest. These birds have been jealously guarded in Europe, and the Society’s pair are the first to find their way across the Atlantic.
Probably of even greater importance to the Society than the acquiring of the above collection, was the gaining of new and important data as to the feeding of delicate birds. The inher- ent love which most Europeans have for birds leads them to spare no time or trouble in experimenting along these lines. The benefit derived from study at first hand of these methods is already apparent, not only in the improved condition of many of the most delicate specimens but also in the lessened cost of our complicated food mixtures.
Pheasant Monograph.—In continuance of this work, the Curator spent three months in Europe, studying the collections in the museums of London, Tring, Paris and Berlin, thus round-
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 81
ing out the results of his field work in the Far East. Greater progress has been made with the Monograph as a whole than was anticipated at the beginning of the year. At present the text is considerably more than a third completed, and four-fifths of the paintings have been executed.
Concentration on this monographic work prevented the completion and publication of results of other researches made upon the bird collections during the year, and the only avian number of Zoologica brought out was No. 10, containing the de- scription of a new species and sub-species of pheasants,— Kuser’s blood pheasant (Ithaginis kuseri) and the Sikhim blood pheasant (I[thaginis cruentus affinis).
CENSUS OF BIRDS LIVING IN THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK.
Januarcyel eos:
Orders. Species. Specimens. Rheiformes, Rheas: =... 2 2 Struthioniformes, Ostriches = oe Z 2 Casuariiformes, Cassowaries and Emus... 2 3 Tinamiformes, Minamous: 22.2. 5 5 (<alliformes, Quail and Pheasants. 88 204 Turniciformes, Hemipodeées, 2.22.20 2 1 2 Ptericlidiformes, Sand Grouse) = 1 1 Columbiformes, Pigeons and Doves... 57 183 Ralliformes, Coots and Gallinules. 15 35 Lariformes, Gulls and Terns... ily 54 Charadriiformes, Plovers and Sandpipers.. 18 48 Gruiformes, Cranes, Seriemas, etc. 13 30 Ardeiformes, Ibises, Storks and
HeCronse) oes =e ak OD 85 Palamedeiformes, SCECAMECES — 2 ea eS 4 Phoenicopteriformes, MAMI OCSy 2a sens 2) 2 5 Anseriformes, Swans, Geese and Ducks 72 (at, Pelecaniformes, Cormorants and Pelicans 9 30 Cathartidiformes, New World Vultures... 8 27 Serpentariiformes, secretary Birds ............ i 2, Accipitriformes, Hawks and Eagles; Old
World Vultures 28 48
Strigiformes, Owls 20 AT
82 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Psittaciformes, Parrots, Macaws and
Cockatoos?) 42-22 a 86 194 Coraciiformes, Kingfishers, Hornbills,
CCA = ae eee oh eee 12 15 Trogoniformes, -ELOQONS | ee es eee 1 i Cuculiformes, Touracos and Cuckoos..... 10 18 Scansoriformes, Barbets and Toucans...... 8 13 Piciformes, Woodpeckers: 2 = = 9 26 Passeriformes, Thrushes, Sparrows and
all Perchine Birds == 378 1,242
903 3,038
DEPARTMENT OF REPTILES. Raymond L. Ditmars, Curator; Charles E. Snyder, Head Keeper.
The high standard of the reptile collection has been main- tained, and with the close of the year the census enumerating the species and specimens shows little change from that of 1912. The life of many captive reptiles is short, and the Curator is kept constantly on the alert filling gaps with specimens which will interest visitors.
Our series of crocodilians has become thoroughly represent- ative. We are now exhibiting important species from all parts of the world that are inhabited by these creatures. The gavial from the Ganges River, India, received some months ago in an emaciated condition is now thriving and vigorous. This species is not our only Indian crocodile, for a fine young example of the salt-water crocodile (Crocodilus porosus), is also exhibited. Of the African species we have the crocodile of the Nile region and the broad-snouted crocodile of the Congo. Another African species in the tanks is the slender-snouted Cvrocodilus cata- phractus. For the first time we are now exhibiting the slender- nosed crocodile (Crocodilus intermedius) of South America. The Amazon caiman occupies the same tank. We are continu- ing our observations on the growth of alligators by observing the development of those hatched in the Reptile House eleven years ago.
The painting of panoramic backgrounds in the large cages of the Reptile House has proven successful in every way. This work continues, and the backgrounds of the large cages will be changed from time to time. Other improvements in the Rep-
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 83
tile House consist of large indoor lizard cages for the iguanas and monitors. A series of thirty-two small, glass-fronted cages has been provided for the North American serpents. This ar- rangement enables our keepers to give individual attention to many delicate species. Exhibited in this way the smaller snakes are also seen to better advantage and there is less confusion for the visitors in consulting labels.
No serious losses have occurred in the reptile department during the past year. Our larger serpents remain in good condition, although one of them is now undergoing an amazing fast, approaching twenty months’ duration. The reptiles longest in the Park are alligators, two of which have been twenty years in captivity. Our king cobra has been on exhibition nine years’ time, and there are several southern water moccasins represent- ing successive generations bred in captivity. We are now keep- ing card indexes embracing data of all important specimens. As the Park grows older we shall thus acquire interesting sta- tistics on the longevity of our captives and their history in captivity.
During the year the Curator has prepared a lengthy and elaborately illustrated paper for Zoologica on “The Feeding Habits of Serpents.” In this the character of the food, methods of subduing the prey, the dentition and parts of the skull struc- ture relating to feeding, are treated, together with many year’s accumulations of notes on living examples.
Among the important accessions during the year the fol- lowing are worthy of special mention:
Four albino alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) ; 1 gavial (Gavialis gangeticus) ; 2 Central American crocodiles (Croco- dilus americanus) ; 6 snake-necked turtles (Chelodina longicol- lis) ; 3 star tortoises (Testudo elegans) ; 8 Cunningham’s skinks (HNgernia cunninghami); 1 Australian monitor (Varanus gouldii) ; 2 Ceylonese monitors, (Varanus salvator) ; 2 frilled lizards, (Amphibolurus barbatus); 3 fer-de-lance, (Lachesis atrox) ; 1 bushmaster, (Lachesis mutus) ; 1 black-tailed rattle- snake, (Crotalus molossus) ; 1 red rattlesnake, (Crotalus mitch- elli pyrrus); 4 Indian cobras, (Naja tripudians) ; 1 Russell’s viper, (Viper russelli) ; 3 Indian pythons, (Python molurus) ; 1 African python, (Python sebae) ; 2 rainbow boas, (EH picrates cenchris) ; 2 Central American boas, (Boa imperator) ; 2 Indian bull frogs, (Rana tigrina), and 8 climbing perch, (Anabas scandens).
VOINANVY HLOOS NOW VAONOOVNV NV dO IVAIYUV FHL
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 85
The annual collecting trip of the Curator was particularly successful. Weather conditions were uniformly good. Over two hundred specimens, representing nine species, were col- lected. This greatly strengthened the series of local reptiles, the members of which cannot be purchased from the animal dealers, and usually are collected by the Curator and the keep- ers. In order to obtain in abundance the examples representing the State’s reptilian fauna, it is necessary to go a considerable distance from New York City. The Curator’s work was in the vicinity of Black Lake, Sullivan County, New York, which is considerably out of the well trodden zone of summer visitors. An automobile was for the first time used in this work, and found of great advantage over a horse-drawn vehicle. In a period of seventeen days the car’s speedometer showed we travelled over 300 miles of mountain roads. Several new ledges were hunted for rattlesnakes, and between tracts of snake country much col- lecting was done for the insect department.
REPTILES OF THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK. December 31, 1912.
Species. Specimens.
Chelonia, ....... / re en Nt ey 2 ay Zao Crocodiliamesse.. 220) on ee bs a.) 38 Lacertilia, .......... Ot Se ere ee LS 211 Ophidias 2. eS ae ee iy? 366 Amphibians = 2.2." eee aera oe 18 232
0. 2 DR cre aera teem yee ROA rine 135 1,100
SUMMARY OF COLLECTIONS.
A census of the animals in the Zoological Park, taken Jan- uary 1, 1918, is as follows:
Species. Specimens.
MietaTiallic gee ie ee he es MRD eo 210 689 | Ba (0 Rete ea ae age go ee 903 3,038 veil @ceires atte cee ee oy el 135 1,100
4 NG 2 Is anes one ee L248 4,827
86 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
THE INSECT COLLECTION. Raymond L. Ditmars, Curator.
After many months of experimenting to determine the prac- ticability of maintaining different kinds of insects as exhibits, and noting what phases of this subject were most interesting to our visitors, the insect series has now become a well estab- lished part of the Zoological Park collection.
Owing to the uniform interest in the cocoons of moths and the chrysalids of butterflies, these parts of the collection have been made particularly strong. During the spring and summer of the past year we exhibited fully five thousand examples of butterflies and moths in the intermediate stage. The cocoons of the moths were fastened on panels of mesh, about four feet long by two feet wide. Panels containing the cocoons of harm- less species were hung out of doors, over descriptive labels, and there was no time of the day throughout the spring and early summer that insects were not to be noted in the act of ex- panding and drying gaudily-colored wings preparatory to flight. Several species were liberated with a view to breeding them wild in the Park. These were the Polyphemus, Cecropia and Luna moths,—which handsome species of our insect fauna are becom- ing almost extinct over great areas.
Particularly successful work was done in the vicinity of Black Lake, Sullivan County, New York, in conjunction with our reptile-collecting trip. A thoroughly representative col- lection was made of the various species of singing Orthoptera, and with these specimens it was possible to arrange a number of large cages with descriptive labels. A number of species of the Myriapoda was also placed on exhibition as the result of this work.
The series of poisonous “insects,’—the spiders, centipedes and scorpions,—remains in good condition, and forms a per- manent part of the insect series. These creatures are quar- tered in the Reptile House during the winter. We have speci- mens of the great bird-eating spiders that have been on exhi- bition for a period of two years. They have spun elaborate silk tunnels and clearly demonstrate the construction of hiding places in a native environment.
With the close of the year the insect collection is composed largely of an elaborate series of cocoons ready to be placed on ex- hibition when the occupants are ready to emerge with the com- ing warm weather. °
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 87
GROUND IMPROVEMENTS AND MAINTENANCE WORK OF THE DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION AND FORESTRY.
Hermann W. Merkel, Chief Constructor and Forester; E. H. Costain, Assistant Forester.
The most important work in permanent improvements undertaken this year was the final development of Bird Valley, from the Aquatic Bird House, southward to the Elk Range. This was demanded by the completion of the Eagle and Vulture Aviary, and the building of the Zebra House and Wild Horse Yards. This work consisted of a great amount of filling and grading. It required the hauling in of over 5,000 cubic yards of earth, the construction of 5,826 square yards of tar-surfaced macadam roads and yards, 1,058 feet of 88-inch wire fencing on steel posts, and 664 feet of yard fencing of steel. The yard fences were constructed wholly by our own force, and they cer- tainly are highly creditable to Mr. De Wellsworth and his men.
This yard fencing was erected on concrete copings, with pipe posts. The panels consist of a combination of bars, small mesh electric-weld netting, and hand-woven wire mesh. This work furnishes six large outdoor yards for the Zebra House. The large ranges west of this building were also fully developed and completed, so that the entire hill is now occupied by the wild equines, their three buildings and 13 corrals and ranges ad- joining them. The total cost of all this work, including the building of 42 catch-basins and the laying of 1,255 feet of drain pipe was $13,900.00.
Immediately westward of the Eagle and Vulture Aviary, a series of eight show cages and fourteen breeding cages for birds have been constructed. These cages were erected on con- crete foundations, running 4 feet below the surface in order to exclude all danger of rats. They have been built of steel and 8<-inch mesh wire netting throughout and when fully completed will cost about $1,200.00.
In order to facilitate the cleaning of the Sea Lion Pool, and greatly reduce the amount of water necessary for each filling, the entire bottom of this pool was raised about three feet.
The unsatisfactory condition of the surface of the service road, concourse and approach necessitated a certain amount of grading and a surfacing of tar-macadam of all those roadways. This included the service road from the Service Building to
88 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
the Boulevard, and from the Rocking-Stone Hill to the Buffalo Entrance, and of the entire concourse and approach, making altogether about 5,776 square yards. The total cost of this improvement was about $4,000.00. At the same time, a flight of concrete steps and a walk was built leading up to the Rocking- Stone from the south.
In connection with the new Bear Dens we constructed a flight of concrete steps with bronze railings, 21,000 square feet of concrete walk, and 1,800 square feet of tar-macadam walk, at a total cost of $2,050.00.
Three of the small Bear Dens for tropical bears were enclosed for the winter, and a small electric heating apparatus was installed in each sleeping-den, at a cost of $400.00. This rendered it possible to remove those bears permanently from the Small-Mammal House.
The unsatisfactory condition of the sewer from the Ele- phant House, which again was completely blocked, compelled the building of an additional manhole in one of the yards to a depth of 12 feet, at a cost of $150.00.
In order to shelter the musk-oxen at night, and keep them from fighting when housed, four stalls with concrete flooring were built in the Musk-Ox Shelter House, at a cost of $150.00.
The work on the Beaver Pond, which was started in the previous year, was brought to satisfactory completion by re- moving the black mud down to the clay bottom, and paving the entire pond bottom with broken stone, leaving unpaved only a small area from which the beavers might gather mud for their building operations. The south end of the surrounding ground was raised several feet above the original grade, and a new water supply was installed. This pond is now for the first time in satisfactory condition, and it will remain so, per- manently. The cost of all the work on the Beaver Pond amounted to $2,300.00.
In front of the Pheasant’s Aviary a series of vine sup- ports of steel and wire were erected. These supports will answer the double purpose of shading three sides of the Aviary by the foliage of climbing plants, and at the same time it will prevent the plants from rusting the wire netting and iron work of the cages. The cost of this work was $150.00.
The sidewalk on the Boston Road from the Boat-House to the Buffalo Entrance, which always had been in a rough and
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 89
unsatisfactory condition, was smoothly surfaced, 1,225 square yards in all, at a cost of $1,000.00.
A new walk and a flight of concrete steps were built in the woods between the Boston Road and Bronx Lake, necessitat- ing the laying of 978 square yards of tar-macadam. This is the beginning of a walk on this beautifully wooded hillside which ultimately will extend from the Boat-House to the Bronxdale Bridge. The cost of the work mentioned above was $1,650.00.
Two feeding platforms for waterfowl, of stone and tar- macadam, were built at the Wild Fowl] Pond and Lake Agassiz, at a cost of $150.00.
The contemplated erection of the two permanent brick buildings for shop and service purposes necessitated the removal of the storehouse, Forester’s shop, slaughter-house, stable and morgue. Temporarily these disturbed industries have been cared for by the erection of removable buildings in the Service Yard.
In forestry and planting the most important work was the planting in Bird Valley, consisting of groups of evergreens around the north end of the Eagle and Vulture Aviary, of a great number of shade trees in connection with the new walks and yards, and of shrubbery and perennial planting east of the Aviary. Opposite the Zebra Yards, in Bird Valley, a large pond and two pools were excavated, and it is our intention to establish there a marsh and water garden, which will be com- pleted early in the spring. A number of shade trees were planted along the various walks, and the rhododendron planting along the Elephant House was extended southward.
On 182nd Street, from the Boston Road to the Southern Boulevard, 48 Norway maples of large size, were planted, each one being supplied with three to four yards of good earth, and protected by an iron tree-guard of our own design. This plant- ing will materially help in screening the numerous high flat buildings south of the Park.
For the first time since the establishment of the Park, a great deal of work was done on the east side of the Bronx River, in draining, filling and grading. The marshy fields at West Farms and at Bronxdale were thoroughly under-drained, using 2,162 feet of pipe, and now they are dry enough for mowing machines to pass over them. About 12,000 cubic yards of good earth were deposited there. This was used to fill two low, marshy fields, one at Bronxdale, and one at West Farms,
90 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
and to regrade the bank of the Bronx River opposite the Boat- House where the natural washing away of the soil threatened to kill many fine trees.
Two wooden bridges which had become dangerously de- cayed were removed, and substantial concrete culverts were sub- stituted for them. It is our intention to resurface the entire East River Walk with tar-macadam early next season, and to erect substantial guard rails wherever needed along the bank of the river. A certain amount of planting was done near the southern end of the Park, and it is hoped that by the end of next year, this east side can be in an entirely satisfactory con- dition. The work on the east side of the Bronx River cost $3,600.00.
At the Rocking-Stone Restaurant, the extension of the din- ing-room and pavilion, necessitated the building of 150 running feet of good retaining wall of rustic stone, resting on a sloping rock, and the cost of this work was about $1,200.00.
At the Elephant House the arrival of the three pygmy hippos compelled considerable changes in cage-work, and the building of a tank connected with the cages on the west side. A small bathing-tank was also built in the outdoor yards.
MAINTENANCE WORK.
Few people realize the enormous wear and tear to which the Park and its installations are subjected, not only by its animals but also by some visitors.
The work involved in the care of the grounds, trees, shrubs and other plants, and of the walks, fences, cages, buildings, drainage, water and sewage systems, is continually increasing.
During the early summer, when only one uniformed patrol- man and no special police were available, the amount of damage done to trees and shrubs, ete., and in the throwing about of refuse, was very great; but since the reappointment of five of our men as special policemen, we have managed to preserve order fairly well. The great need of extra uniformed police on holidays, Saturday afternoons, and Sundays, has been clearly demonstrated, but it has become impossible to obtain anything like an adequate force. Judging from the many empty pocket- books, wallets, etec., which are continually found by our men in the shrubberies and other places—where they have been thrown by the thieves—pickpockets have been especially active. That one policeman is not sufficient to handle 40,000 people, scat-
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT gal
tered over 200 acres, is obvious, and the fact that of the seven- teen arrests that were made, and the seventeen convictions ob- tained, all these cases were handled by the employees of the Park, and none by the regular police force, is proof of the need of additional protection.
The habit of picnic crowds to establish themselves in places where proper supervision was impossible, caused the issuing of permits to responsible persons, on blank forms, stating the rules under which picnics may be held, and recording the time, place and number of persons. All confusion of claims was thereby avoided, and while the demand for permits was on a few days greater than the places available, the system estab- lished was satisfactory. One practical result was great economy in the cleaning up of refuse by the Park force. Altogether about 4,000 picnickers were taken care of.
The struggle against the deadly hickory-bark-borer was con- tinued by carefully pruning out affected branches, or cutting down entire trees that were badly infected. Of the latter there were fifty-four. All of these might have been saved if the State laws regarding insect pests were enforced by our neighbors— as we hope they will be enforced next year. Some experiments were made in coating the hickories with insecticides, but the outcome is still in doubt.
The number of forest fires has been great, and they have been a constant source of annoyance. No great amount of dam- age was done—except by the one which occurred at the Nursery on September 11, 1912, which was caused by lightning. It de- stroyed the tool-house and contents, part of the chicken-house, and some livestock, such as rabbits, guinea pigs and rats. Both of the buildings mentioned were of a very temporary character, the tool-house having been built of rough lumber of the cheapest kind. The poultry house had been made out of the pheasant houses brought from Tarrytown.
If the breeding of poultry is to continue, it is imperative that a new poultry house should be built next summer; and again I urge the building of a proper place for the incubators and brooders, all of which are now installed in the cellar of the breeding-house, a frame structure between the two green- houses. Inasmuch as from five to seven kerosene lamps are used in the brooders and incubators, burning there day and night for a large portion of the year, the danger from fire is entirely too great.
92 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Among the repairs to buildings and installations, which are increasing steadily each year, the following may be men- tioned:
The Bear Dens.—Owing to the impossibility of removing any of the animals, these dens had no repairs or paint for three years. The completion of the new bear dens, however, enabled us to begin this work, which consisted of repairs to the iron work, drainage and water supply, concrete floors and dens. Here as elsewhere we are substituting iron or concrete for wood wherever possible, and making all repairs of a permanent nature.
The Bird House.—The gutters of this building and the en- tire roof were made tight, and all the cage-work, structural iron work, railings, etc., were painted. The sewer and water systems were given a thorough overhauling.
Small Deer House.—This building has been painted and repaired, inside and out; and door-openers have been installed on the west side of the building.
Lion House.—New gutters of heavy lead and angle iron for outside cages were constructed and installed. Two new floors were laid for inside cages, the gutters and roof made tight, and all outside cage-work was painted. The east wall of this building, for which I recommended general repairs three years ago, must be taken in hand next summer.
Antelope House.—At the Antelope House only minor re- pairs were made, except to the roof, which had a thorough overhauling.
The outside fences were overhauled and painted.
Reptile House.—At the Reptile House a portion of the concrete flooring was cut away to allow the sinking of a large palm, which had reached the ceiling. The roof and gutters of this building received many repairs. This roof is in a very unsatisfactory condition, the slates having been fastened with iron nails which are now rusting off. This places the entire roof in bad condition. The roof over the lobby will have to be removed in 1913 because further repairs are useless.
The shingles of the large Shelter Pavilion in front of the Fox Dens will also need to be renewed.
Small Mammal House.—At this building a great deal of repair work was needed, on the cages, cage-floors, and drainage system. The roof of this building, and also all its cage-work, was painted.
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 93
Other buildings which received many general repairs were the following: Rocking-Stone Restaurant, Boat-House fes- taurant, Entrances, Ostrich House, the various deer houses and shelters, Service Building, ete.
The following outdoor range fences were overhauled and painted: Burrowing-Rodent enclosure, Buffalo fence, Sea Lion Pool fence, Rocky Mountain Goat fence, Asiatic, Red, Axis and Mule Deer fences, Elk fence, as was also the southern boundary fences.
Two hundred and seventy-two tons of ice were harvested in 1912.
The usual work at the Nursery was carried on, and the following stock was produced:
Live Srocx. VEGETABLES. 2,641 Chickens 210 Bu. Potatoes 140 Pks. Chickweed 130 Pigeons 25 Tons Mangels 2,000 Hd. Cabbage 1,239 Rabbits 3 Tons Corn Stalks 9.118 Ears Corn 390 Guinea Pigs 1 Ton Oat Straw 3098 Hd. Lett 2,653 Rats 1 Ton Carrots Dai ene 320 Mice 1,500 Bu. Carrots 04 ‘ B es ee 37 Pigs 1,308 Bu. Beets 104 Qts. Berries 25,261 Eggs 2,400 Rts. Celery 104 Lbs. Grapes PLANTS PROPAGATED: 32,936 Perennials. 2,000 Shrubs.
DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION. H. R. Mitchell, Chief Clerk and Manager of Privileges; George A. Dorn, Cashier.
To the usual routine work of this department connected with the maintenance of the Park and the operation of the privileges, there has been added during the past year the neces- sary details in connection with the purchase, delivery and bill- ing of a large and varied quantity of materials required in connection with the unusual amount of ground improvement work that was carried on throughout the year.
It will be noted by reference to the schedule printed else- where that the attendance of visitors during 1912 was the greatest of any year in the history of the Park, the total reach- ing nearly a million and three-quarters.
Because of the rigid rules of the Board of Estimate, not permitting transfers from one account to another within the Maintenance Fund for the year, and the extremely high prices
94 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
that have prevailed for many of our food supplies, it has re- quired a particularly hard struggle to keep within our appropria- tion.
Zoological Society's Accounts.—For several years some changes in the methods of keeping the Society’s accounts have been under consideration, particularly the consolidation of the various funds that had previously been carried in separate accounts, into a single bank account. A resolution authorizing such consolidation on January Ist, 1912, was adopted late in the previous year. This made necessary many changes in the general books of the Society that are kept in this office.
After consultation with expert accountants, the Chief Clerk made a report giving full details of the system recommended, which was approved; and the new books were opened as of January Ist, 1912. Into this new set of books have been incor- porated certain entries intended to set forth the assets of the Society, in accordance with recommendations of the Auditing Committee and resolutions of the Executive Committee.
After a year’s practical use the new books have proven en- tirely satisfactory. A complete audit for the year is now under way, and will be completed before the publication of this report. It is not probable that any radical changes will be made in the form of the Treasurer’s statements as heretofore published in the Annual Reports, in which they are shown separately for the various funds of the Society. This simple form seems to be readily comprehended by those unfamiliar with the Society’s finances.
Privileges.—Generally speaking, the privilege business has kept well up to the increased showing made in attendance. But for an unusual amount of bad weather during May and Septem- ber, which are invariably the best two months for business, all previous annual figures would have been exceeded.
Part of the plans under consideration last season for enlarg- ing the service facilities at refreshment stands were carried out, giving temporary relief to the previous over-crowded conditions. Some study was given to a scheme for consolidating the present riding-animal stand with the refreshment pavilion near the Small Bird House, in an entirely new location, but as there were no funds available, the matter was postponed. Our equipment for the transporting of supplies about the Park was again overtaxed so seriously as to make it necessary to purchase an- other automobile,—the third one now in use in the operation of this department. A light commercial car of 750 pounds capacity
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 95
was decided upon as best adapted to our new requirements in the rapid handling of small deliveries.
The sales of publications such as guide books, souvenir books, postal cards, etc., during 1912 reached aggregate figures of nearly $10,000, and as the greater part of this business was done at the entrances, and more than half of it at the Boston Road Entrance, we feel that better arrangements should be pro- vided for the care and display of the publications. An artistic little shelter running along the south side of the entrance plaza. as included in the original plans for the entrance, would give suitable space and permit visitors to select at their leisure pub- lications to carry with them as they were leaving the Park.
Privilege Accounts.—Some changes in the methods of ac- counting for the Privilege Department were considered early in the year, but as the books in use were sufficient to run through the season, and the contemplated changes not of great impor- tance, it was determined to make those changes on the first of January, 1913. The consolidation of bank accounts as previously carried into effect in the Society’s funds was the most impor- tant change effected. It was not found convenient to have these accounts audited twice during the season, but a complete audit for 1912 was made immediately after the close of the year.
Privilege Building.—Unforeseen difficulties and delays were encountered in connection with the long contemplated building for Privilege purposes, with the result that the contract was not awarded until late in 1912. Fortunately, open weather has permitted the work to proceed almost without interruption, so that at the close of the year the excavation is practically com- plete, and materials are on hand for the construction of the foundations and walls. It is possible that with continued favorable weather, the building can be brought to completion early enough for it to be utilized during the coming summer. Inasmuch as the work of the Privilege Department is now being handled with difficulty in its present temporary quarters, every effort will be made to have construction carried forward with dispatch. A careful restudy of the plans for this building early in the year resulted in some changes and improvements of im- portance, especially regarding economy in the operation of the plant.
Rocking-Stone Restaurant.—Business at the Rocking-Stone Restaurant was disturbed and somewhat curtailed by the im- portant additions to the building that were under way during the
96 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
last three months of the year. In spite of this fact, however, a substantial increase for the season was shown. It had been planned to have the dining-room addition built during midsum- mer while the open pavilion was being used, and then move into it so as to permit of the construction of the pavilion addition with a minimum of interruption to business and annoyance to guests. Because of the insufficiency of the appropriation for the work the original plans had to be redrawn, with a consequent delay. It was unfortunate that the original request for funds was not allowed, as the amount appropriated was so limited as to make it impossible to carry out the work wholly on the original architectural lines of the building.
The work is now complete, and is already a source of great satisfaction. Both the summer and winter dining-rooms have been enlarged to double their former size, and the service fa- cilities proportionately increased. These alterations are certain to result in increased business.
Soda Water.—Improvements at several of the soda stands, to relieve the overcrowded conditions on Sundays and holidays, were carried into effect during April, 1912. A small addition was made in the rear of the stand near the Bird House, suffi- ciently large to permit of the installation of another separate and entirely independent fountain. A narrow walk connecting with the platform where tables are placed, permits of waiter service from this fountain, thus greatly relieving the demands on the fountain where the public is served. A somewhat similar ar- rangement was made at the lunch pavilion, where a small foun- tain was put in at one end of the counter. At the Bear Den stand, a small ecashier’s booth was built and the original building remodeled and improved to give greater capacity.
It is expected that this business will benefit greatly through the facilities afforded by the new building now under construc- tion. For several years past it has been seriously hampered by the lack of proper and adequate quarters.
Souvenir Books.—Negotiations for an issue of fifty-cent souvenir books were begun early in the year, with the result that an order was finally placed for an edition of 20,000 copies, —more than four times any previous issue. The new book con- sists of 48 6x8 pages of four-color single and group illustrations. Deliveries could not be made until rather late in the year, but the increased sales of the souvenir booklet at once demonstrated its popularity with visitors.
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 97
We are still without a large souvenir booklet, for which there is a considerable sale. It is proposed to issue a limited edition as early as practicable in the coming season.
Consideration is also being given to the preparation of a souvenir book designed especially for children, to contain princi- pally illustrations of young animals. It is believed that one can be made to retail at fifty cents, that will have a very wide sale.
Postal Cards.—Early in 1912, the largest issue of postal ecards we have ever ordered was delivered. It contained in all more than a million and a half of cards. The cards are from four-color plates and are far superior to our previous issues, in every way.
It was decided to give the public the benefit of the prices obtained by such a large edition, and they are being sold in sets of twenty-four for twenty-five cents. The result was that sales increased 37 per cent. over the year 1911, and 22 1-2 per cent. over any previous year. Mail orders are constantly coming in from parties in all parts of the country who have visited the Park and purchased one set and wish the other sets to com- plete the series.
Photogravures.—An entirely new departure was made in getting out an issue of twenty thousand photogravures, con- sisting of 5,000 each from a series of four carefully selected photographs. They were reproduced in sepia, size 8x10, and were placed on sale at fifty cents for the set. As they are somewhat inconvenient to carry, arrangements were made for mailing them to any address in special reinforced envelopes, without additional cost. At the close of the year, sales were increasing rapidly, and the issue of another series is being considered.
Guide Book.—The tenth, or “Spectacled Bear Edition,” of the Guide Book, 30,000 copies of which were printed, and placed on sale late in August, 1911, has met with exceptionally good sales, due no doubt, to its complete revision, the addition of about twenty new pages and entirely new illustrations. The stock is now so far depleted as to make it necessary to take up the print- ing of a new edition very early in 1913, in order that it may be ready for delivery by April 1st. The new edition will come from the last set of plates with only slight alterations, as the text is al- ready well up-to-date. Because of the rapid sale of the last issue, it may be found that the forthcoming edition should be increased from 30,000 to 50,000.
98 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Boat House Restaurant.—A number of mounted heads of big game, for which space was not available in the Administration Building, were loaned to the Boat-House Restaurant. These were added to the heads and horns exhibit already in the dining-room, adding much to its attractiveness. A number of other improvements were made during the year, chief among them being the replacing of our old china with a new set of spe- cial design, which materially improved the appearance of our china service.
A greatly needed improvement, which it is hoped can be made before the busy summer season, will be the removal of the large ice box from the kitchen to a small cellar to be built ad- joining the kitchen on the south. This would furnish more room in the kitchen, and much reduce the constant cost of re- frigeration in a heated kitchen. The restaurant business at the Boat-House made a very satisfactory gain in 1912.
Boating.—The new launch which was purchased late in 1911 for delivery in the spring of 1912 came none too soon for the handling of the Sunday crowds in the early spring. It was also found necessary to purchase another carload of the round- bottomed steel row-boats, and these were delivered early in April. Our equipment now includes three 30-foot electric launches of a passenger capacity of about 25 persons each, and 150 row boats. During the busy hours on Saturdays and Sun- days, the launches are run on 10 minutes’ headway, loaded to their legitimate capacity. Although a new concrete dock is greatly needed, funds for its construction could not be secured and it was necessary to make temporary repairs to the old dock so as to get through the season without serious accident. A new floor was laid over more than half of the surface, which was in a more or less dangerous condition. It seems probable at this time that with this repair it will have to go through another season also, as an appropriation for a new dock seems improb- able in 1913.
Gate Receipts.—The paid admissions at the gates during the past year were considerably in excess of any previous year since the opening of the Park. We are also able to record the largest attendance on any pay-day in our history, nearly 1,800 visitors having passed through the turnstiles on Thursday, August 22nd.
Riding Animals.—The total receipts from this privilege were in excess of those of any previous year since 1906 at which
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 99
time the large male Indian Elephant ‘‘Gunda” was one of the attractions of the riding animal stand, and the source of con- siderable revenue. We had hoped to have a riding elephant for 1912, by the use of the female African elephant “Sultana,” but it was thought that she was not yet sufficiently matured, and her use for this purpose was delayed until a later period.
Pavilion Kast of Bronx River.—Funds have been available for some time for the construction of a shelter pavilion on the east side of the Bronx River. Plans have been under consider- ation for several months and are now ready for final approval. This will add an improvement much needed by visitors to that portion of the Park, where up to date there has been no shelter of any kind available. It is proposed to have limited refresh- ment service in one end of this pavilion, for the accommodation of the large number of basket and lunch parties frequenting that part of the park. The location decided upon is at the north end of the open space opposite the Boat-House, and near the walk running along the east side of the river.
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLICATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY. Elwin R. Sanborn, Editor and Photographer.
The work of Mr. Sanborn increased to such proportions that early in November his health gave way under it to an ex- tent so serious that he was obliged to accept a three month’s leave of absence, and take up practical ranch life in Oklahoma during that period. The treatment is proving thoroughly effect- ive, and about March 1, Mr. Sanborn will resume his duties with renewed health and vigor.
As the Society’s collection of zoological photographs in- creases, the public appreciation of their value also increases. The number of prints purchased during the year for publication was 731, and the total number of prints sold was 3,451. In ad- dition to the above about 900 prints were made for our index albums and files. Even after 13 years of effort, it is yet difficult to make the public understand that this photographic business is carried on by the Zoological Society not for any commercial profit there is in it,—because there is none whatever,—but solely as a duty to science and the public at large. The cash re- turns from this work represent only a small portion of its cost, but the increasing appreciation of our fine pictures by authors, publishers, lecturers, artists, sculptors and taxidermists is quite sufficient to convince the Society that its plan for making the
100 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
photographic privilege of “the greatest good to the greatest number”’ is the best that could have been devised. Another source of satisfaction is found in the fact that during the past 13 years no unworthy or unfair photographs ever have gone out of the Park for publication.
A number of moving-picture companies have contributed to the annual income of our photographic department and have paid for the privilege of making moving-picture films of our animals, always subject to the approval of the Director. Some excellent moving pictures of the Park collections are now being shown throughout the United States.
The publication during the year, aside from those for the Privilege Department, consisted of the Sixteenth Annual Report, four numbers of Zoologica, six numbers of the Bulletin, a new edition of the Official Guide, and two folders.
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING. George M. Beerbower, Civil Engineer.
So continuous have been our requirements for the services of our engineer during the past year, that he could not be spared even for a week at a time for his usual vacation. This was due chiefly to delays in the iron-work and glass-work of the Pelican House, which he was superintending, and delays in passing on plans for the Yak House, which he drew and revised from time to time.
The work of the engineer is made up of so many details, and in such a great variety, that it is not expedient to enumerate all of them here. The more important items of his work were the revising of the plans for a masonry bridge for Bronxdale brook; the surveys and plans for the rock excavation in the service yard; the preliminary plans for additions to the res- taurant and lunch pavilion; the surveys, walk plans, plats and grading plans and staking out of same in the vicinity of the Eagle and Vulture Aviary, winter-house, breeding-cages and the Zebra House; the superintendence of the construction of the Pelican House and photograph gallery; preliminary plans for roads and walks east of the Bronx River; studies and plans for a Yak House; surveys and drawings for a retaining wall east of the restaurant; plans for a dark-room for the photo- graph gallery, and a boiler-room for the Pelican House.
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 101
Probably members do not realize that this work is not done by any stereotyped methods. When any walks or other im- provements are contemplated, surveys of all trees, buildings and other controlling objects are made. These are platted lines drawn to conform to the conditions, and these changed from time to time until approved by the Executive Committee, the Park Department Engineer, the Commissioner of Parks and the City Landscape Architect. After all this, the work is staked out accurately on the ground, elevations are taken and platted, graceful undulations decided upon and all these marked upon stakes to fit the topography.
The Society may be interested in knowing of the economy with which this department is run. All the work is done by the one engineer, personally—except work done in the field, when one or more assistants are required. These are detailed from the ranks of unskilled laborers. In the City departments, regular staffs of assistant engineers, rodmen and chainmen are main- tained for work of this kind.
CONTRACT WORK IN GROUND IMPROVEMENTS.
Conducted under the direction of the Park Department of the Borough of the Bronx. Thomas J. Higgins, Commissioner; Martin Schenck, Chief Engineer.
Contracts Completed During 1912.—Two improvement con- tracts were completed by the Society during the past year. The Eagle and Vulture Aviary, erected by George Hilderbrand at a cost of $18,867, was completed early in the autumn, and im- mediately occupied. This contract included a spacious winter shelter house for tropical birds of prey, which is quite indispen- sable to this collection. The Zebra House, erected by Joseph Balaban, at a cost of $25,181, was completed and occupied on November 15th. It is fully described in the Zoological Society Bulletin for January, 1913.
A Pelican House of brick and glass, to replace the old tem- porary wooden structure that was ready to fall down from de- cay, was erected in the Service Yard by Joseph E. Dobbs at a cost of $4,045. Naturally this good structure is a source of great satisfaction to the curators of birds.
The following new contracts were executed in 1912:
Workshop Building.—In the Service Yard, in the rear of
the Service Building, there is now being erected by A. V. John- son & Company, at a cost of $23,895, a permanent two-story
102 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
brick structure, which is to provide permanent quarters for the mechanical force of the Park. It will include adequate work- shops for the carpenters, wire-workers, blacksmith, plumbers and painters. The building may fairly be regarded as a model of its kind, both in utility and low cost.
Public Service Building.—Situated near the Workshop Building, a new and substantial brick structure is arising which will be known as the Public Service Building, because it will accommodate a collection of industries in which visitors to the Park are specially interested. The building is being erected by J. F. Walsh & Brother, at a cost of $29,230. It will furnish proper housing for a plant for the manufacture of artificial ice, another for the manufacture of ice cream, a laundry, cold stor- age rooms for the meat and fish supplies of the Zoological Park, and storage room for the really great amount of stock that is regularly carried by the Privilege Department. This building will render the operation of the Privilege Department both more economical and more satisfactory, and the danger of fire is reduced to an irreducible minimum.
Addition to Restaurant.—At a cost of $3,900, Joseph Bala- ban erected an addition to the main dining-room of the Restau- rant, and also to the southern pavilion, doubling the capacity of each. These two improvements will undoubtedly prove to be sources of great satisfaction to the patrons of the Rocking- Stone Restaurant, where, during the past year, the overcrowd- ing of the dining-rooms on Sundays and holidays had become a source of great discomfort.
Respectfully submitted, WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, Director.
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE AQUARIUM
TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS.
HE year 1912 has been an uneventful one in the history
of the Aquarium, but it may be recorded as entirely success- ful. The attendance on the part of the public shows an in- crease of 132,811 over that of 1911, although the exhibition tanks have contained only the customary number and variety of specimens. Nothing unusual was added to the collections. A fact which should be emphasized is the successful mainte- nance from year to year, in winter as well as in summer, of a large and varied exhibit of aquatic forms of life for the enter- tainment and instruction of the public. A fixed number of tanks allows of no increase in the quantity of aquatic animals that can be housed in the present building, and but little in- erease in variety; yet the annual number of visitors becomes greater as time passes. The cost of maintenance is but a quar- ter of that required by each of three larger museums in the City, none of which has ever entertained the same number of visitors.
Living aquatic animals cannot be kept under the simple con- ditions sufficient for the specimens of a natural history museum, but must be shipped and maintained in their natural element. In the case of the New York Aquarium the water supply includes both sea water and fresh water, and both of these tempered to suit the requirements of tropical and northern species. It is true that the species usually to be seen in the Aquarium could be disposed of and different species secured, but the cost of rejecting species already well established in the tanks and trying out others not so well known, would hardly be warranted. A large collection of living fishes and other aquatic animals re- quires constant care by a well-trained force of men, and the Aquarium is not lacking in this respect. There are many kinds of foods to be prepared. The fishes alone range in size from the newly hatched, to individuals weighing three hundred pounds.
Most of the groups of fishes to be seen swimming so lazily behind the large plates of glass are the hardy survivors of
RUNNER OR CREVALLE
een et Sa Be # ee
GRAYSBY OR CONY
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 105
larger groups, from which the weak or injured have been gradu- ally eliminated.
While feeding is a matter requiring careful attention, the purity and temperature of the water are still more important, and are watched night and day. No other public aquarium maintains so large and varied a collection.
There are on exhibition in the Aquarium at the present time about 170 species in all groups which is about as large a number of forms as has been on exhibition at any one time in the history of the institution. In the different groups the number stands as follows:
PuISINC Si rceene eee’ es 113 species, 3,679 specimens. Reptiles. 02.0. _ 24 species, 137 specimens. ATi ee ee 5 species, 24 specimens. Invertebrates ......... 26 species, 1,557 specimens. Manamials a. 022555.) 1 species, 1 specimen.
169 species, 5,398 specimens.
The collection of fishes has probably never been in better condition than at the present time, both in regard to number of species and to number and condition of individuals. These may be classed as follows:
Fresh-water ................. 38 species, 2,868 specimens. Salt-water (local) .. 23 species, 496 specimens. Salt-water (tropical) 52 species, 315 specimens.
113 species, 3,679 specimens.
Of this number 54 species are entitled to rank as game fishes of which 18 are fresh-water and 6 local salt-water and 30 tropical salt-water. Out of the whole number at least 74 species have some commercial value and most of them may be found, at least occasionally, on the New York market.
The fish hatchery is running at the present time with eggs of the rainbow and brook trout and white fish furnished us by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries.
The 25 species of reptiles include 17 species of fresh-water turtles, 4 species of marine turtles, an alligator, Floridan croco- dile and a species of crocodile from the Malabar coast of India. Among the amphibia may be mentioned the giant salamander of Japan which is again represented in our collection.
The 25 species of invertebrates include 10 of commercial importance. Perhaps the most striking of these is the tank of eleven spiny lobsters or sea-crayfish from Key West.
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The mammals at present are limited to a single large male California sea-lion. The mortality among animals of this group resulting from confinement indoors has been so great in past years that no effort has been made to secure new speci- mens of other species, many of which we have had on exhibition in past years.
Accessions.—The collections of the Aquarium as a whole are supplied by the New York Zoological Society and are pur- chased with its funds. A small number of specimens is annually received from friends of the Society. <A gift of considerable importance is the annual supply of eggs of fishes received from the United States Bureau of Fisheries for the maintenance of a fish-hatching exhibit. The eggs of several kinds of fishes are supplied from government hatcheries at different seasons of the year. The fish cultural exhibit is interesting and instruc- tive to the public, and the young fishes hatched in the Aquarium —to the extent of several thousand each year—are afterward placed in public waters by the New York Conservation Commis- sion. During the past year the following species were hatched at the Aquarium: Black-spotted trout, brook trout, steelhead trout, rainbow trout, quinnat salmon, silver salmon, land- locked salmon, smelt, yellow perch, pike perch and whitefish.
On March 10th the Aquarium received a most desirable col- lection of fresh-water fishes from the New York Conservation Commission through Dr. Tarleton H. Bean, State Fish Culturist: These fishes had been exhibited at the Sportsmen’s Show in New York City. The collection contained 257 specimens, rep- resenting 18 species. The Commission also presented at later dates thirty live lobsters and specimens of brook and rainbow trout.
Gifts of brook trout and trout eggs were received from the Southside Sportsmen’s Club of Oakdale, Long Island, through Mr. Geo. P. Slade, President. The Tuxedo Club, through Mr. Edwin C. Kent presented 10,000 eggs of the steel- head trout. An attractive collection of thirty-two fancy gold- fishes representing six different varieties was presented by Mr. E. K. Bruce of Thornburg, Iowa, and twelve large sized goldfishes of the fringe-tailed variety were presented by Mr. Henry Bishop of Baltimore, Md. Mr. 8S. C. Lloyd, of Brooklyn also presented fancy goldfishes of several varieties. Captain Al- bert Runyon presented a loggerhead turtle weighing 210 pounds and Mr. Walter T. Smith of Fulton Market a green turtle weigh-
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 107
ing 300 pounds. A forty-two-pound hawksbill turtle was pre- sented by Trame & Co., of New York. The Paradise Brook Trout Company of Henryville, Pa., presented thirty-three brook trout. Through the courtesy of Mr. Joseph K. Nye of New Bedford, Mass., seven live porpoises were obtained at the porpoise fishery at Cape Hatteras, N. C., and their transportation was under- taken by the New York Zoological Society. These specimens did not survive transportation, and were presented to the American Museum of Natural History.
Mr. Charles A. Mabie of New York presented specimens of pickerel.
The more important gifts of the New York Zoological So- ciety were several hundred tropical fishes from Florida, several specimens of large-sized sea-turtles, numerous salt-water fishes from the adjacent coast, including over 200 seahorses. A com- plete list of the exhibits received during the year will be found under the heading ‘“Accessions.”’
Exchanges were made with the Detroit Aquarium.
The principal gift to the library was ten volumes, mostly zoological; of the Reports of the Harriman-Alaska Expedition, received from the Smithsonian Institution, through Dr. C. D. Walcott, Secretary. The Aquarium is also indebted to the Smithsonian Institution and the National Museum for their im- portant annual publications.
Important collections were as usual obtained by the em- ployees of the Aquarium from the lakes in the larger parks of the City and in Bronx River. Among the species thus ob- tained were black bass, calico bass, pickerel, sunfish, white perch, yellow perch, carp, catfish, sucker, roach and crayfish.
The regular collector of the Aquarium obtained in the vicinity of Gravesend Bay most of the local sea fishes and in- vertebrates on exhibition during the year. A large proportion of the invertebrates were given to teachers of biology for class work and to stock small marine aquaria in the City schools. Shrimps and killi-fishes were collected in large numbers as “live food” for use in the Aquarium.
Teachers of biology in the City schools have been assisted as usual in maintaining small marine aquaria in their class- rooms. The specimens furnished included fishes and inverte- brates, representing many forms of seashore life. Among the institutions supplied may be mentioned the College of the City of New York, DeWitt Clinton High School, New York Training
108 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
School for Teachers, Barnard College, Columbia University, American Museum of Natural History and Packer Institute, Brooklyn.
Numerous living specimens of fishes and amphibians were presented or loaned to the American Museum of Natural His- tory, to be used as models in the preparation of mounted ex- hibits.
Improvements during the year were almost entirely con- nected with the engine room and pumping plant.
Additions were made to the supply of stored seawater in the reservoir and several large glass plates in the exhibition tanks were replaced.
Considerable painting was necessary in the exhibition hall of the Aquarium and the walls of the service galleries were whitewashed.
The large shipping tanks which are annually subjected to more or less hard usage were renewed and additional tanks of extra large size were constructed. An automatic stereopticon was installed in the main exhibition hall and supplied with slides illustrative of American fishery industries.
Expenditures resulting from break-downs amounted to much less than last year.
The small library attached to the Director’s office has been rendered much more useful by the addition of numerous zoo- logical works of reference. The most important acquisition during the year was a full set of The American Naturalist.
From May 1 to August 31, the Aquarium was kept open until six o’clock in the evening. This was done without extra cost and the public made full use of the extra hour of admission.
For several months past Dr. G. A. MacCallum of New York City has been making post-mortem examinations of the fishes dying at the Aquarium. Dr. MacCallum is interested especially in the study